Life Function Essay Example for Free

Life Function Essay In a wide range of sorts of medicinal services settings there will be a chain of the board and four significant elements of the board that will enable the business to stream easily the correct way for the oversaw care of the patients that they will get from the office, and this structure will likewise permit the association to develop as a group, and advantage the office and the network simultaneously in a financially savvy way. This paper will recognize the significant capacities, and how it applies to overseeing others, and it will likewise clarify what the most significant job for a human services supervisor and pioneer in the differentiated social insurance industry. I will at that point offer my input on what the most critical angle identified with medicinal services the board that I might want to pick up by taking this course in my field of study. There are four significant elements of the board in a human services setting which are sorting out, arranging, controlling, driving and all administrators on a level are liable for following and accomplishing each capacity of the executives every day, and the primary capacity of the board that will be depicted is sorting out. Getting sorted out is an element of the board that gives out occupation assignments and errands, finding assets, make and arrange the work for the individuals of the association so the arrangement can be executed and finished. This capacity permits chiefs to analyze the inward side of the procedure and give input that will help structure the idea of the office, and the following capacity of the executives is arranging. Arranging is a component of the executives that experiences a procedure of making destinations for execution and choosing what steps ought to or ought not be taken so as to accomplish the objective of the business and the worker simultaneously. The manager’s work is to see the achievement of the end work of the representative, settle on decisions and choices to benefit the organization, and make a path to be trailed by different workers to consistently improve the objectives of the association, and the following capacity of the board is controlling. Controlling is an element of the board that centers around work execution estimation, taking a gander toward the final products and checking whether it coordinates the targets, lastly fixing any things that should be remedied before the last assessment of the completed item. A manager’s work in this capacity is to remain in direct contact with the employee’s all through their work task, assemble data and decipher execution reports, and the data is then used to design useful activity and change. The last capacity of the board to be talked about is driving. Driving is a component of the executives that focusses on energizing the excitement of the representatives with the goal that they will make a solid effort to succeed, and achieve the jobs needing to be done. A manager’s work through this capacity is to consistently fabricate duties, energize the exercises of employee’s to help bolster the objectives of the association, and to impact the employee’s to do give their everything and perform as well as could be expected in the interest of the association which whom the person in question works for, and each of the four of these elements of the board help to run the association on an ordinary premise. Every one of these four elements of the executives applies to overseeing workers inside an association through the structure each capacity gives in helping to the improvement of the association, the advantages of the representatives, the structure and advancement of the office, the administration being given and the network who all look for some sort of administration that this association will give. The most significant job for a medicinal services trough and pioneer in the broadened social insurance industry is to ensure the patient security and human services needs are met, arrange, plan, control, and lead the representatives in their work duties, and stay with the running viably and serenely for all individuals required for the accomplishment of the association. The most critical viewpoint identified with social insurance the board that I might want to pick up by taking this course of study is become familiar with the activity of a medicinal services proficient, and a human services supervisor while having the option to acquire lucidity to each different capacity and use both the experience and information picked up all through my health awareness calling, and how to keep everybody included an on target under the watchful eye of patients wellbeing inside the association. Taking everything into account the social insurance field has numerous means it experiences regularly with the goal that the association can work accurately and successfully. In this paper the four significant elements of the executives have been distinguished, and applied to overseeing others in the business, the most significant job for a social insurance director and pioneer in the broadened human services industry have been clarified, and what the most critical perspective identified with medicinal services the board that I need to pick up in this course of study is.

Network Security setup Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System Security arrangement - Research Paper Example WAN area is a vital space particularly while associating with remote clients. In Richman speculations, it implies interfacing with a few branches in spots, for example, Atlanta, Georgia, Cincinnati, Ohio, and even Los Angeles, California from the central command in Phoenix, Arizona. So as to guarantee security at this area, it is prescribed to guarantee legitimate tending to plans, appropriate convention determination and improved encryption of correspondence types of gear. In Richman ventures, the database programming, working framework, customer server applications, and information put away in the associations place and their equipment is all in all under this space. Safety efforts essential at this stage is legitimate verification, quality system plan, approval, hub security, and bookkeeping are a basic security contemplations at this area. Other safety efforts that can be actualized inside the company’s IT foundation incorporates dispensing with single purpose of disappointment, improving security access to touchy information and guaranteeing that there is information reinforcement in servers outside the principle server farm.

Some More QA With ETS

Some More QA With ETS Well, I was able to get a few more questions answered. Nothing really earth-shattering here, but I thought I would pass the answers along. Please dont consider the answers direct quotes by ETS. They have been edited by myself for clarity and organization.Q: In the reading section is it possible for test-takers to receive 9 questions instead of 10 questions? There are students claiming that they have received only 9 questions.A: There have been tests where students received 9 questions instead of 10. There will be further clarification from ETS about this.Q: In the speaking section,“Advantages and disadvantages,”and“multiple choice”(choose from 3 options) independent questions have been absent since August. Are they gone for good?A: While we cannot say those formats will never appear again, they featured most prominently in our old Item 1 question (the “Free Choice”question), which we eliminated when we shortened the test.Q: Does ETS have plans to release a new conversion chart for TOEFL raw scores and scaled scores?A: Not at this time.Q: Does ETS have plans to restore level descriptions of each speaking or writing task in the score report? (The ones that showed ‘limited’ ‘weak’or‘fair’results for each task)A: Not at this time.Q: Does ETS have plans to release a new version of official guidebooks and other test prep materials?A: An updated Official Guide to the TOEFL TestandOfficial TOEFL iBT Tests(volumes 1 and 2) will be released; the current projected release date is June 2020, but that date may change.

Questions On Operating Systems Structure - 1684 Words

Critical Comparison NTFS ZFS COURSEWORK ONE REPORT Mohamed Mahamud | W1442717 | Operating Systems Structure Introduction File systems is a method of sorting data structure in the operating systems and means to keep track of the virtual data in the operating systems without a file system information stored would be a large body of data with no way of knowing where a piece of data is stored begins and ends. File systems is also referred to as partition or disk which is uses files or the type the file systems. A file system on a disk or partition is a way to organize, navigate, hierarchical data can be accessed, stored and retrieved in a form of folders or files. When files system is referred to as a partition it means that the hierarchy of directories also known as the directory tree. It is used to organize files on a computer system, the hierarchy of directories is locked on a single partition or disk it can also be spread over multiple disks even disks on a different computer at a different location. When a file system is referred to as type of file system it is the way the stored data are organized on computer disk for example a file or folder that is that is stored on a hard disk or a partition on the hard disk. It is generally a piece of code in the kernel module which maintenance the logical data structures located in the storage. The main functions that every file system should have are efficient organization of data quick storage and retrievalShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mrs. Fields Cookies Case Study1639 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion#1 Describe a typical day at work at Mrs. Fields’ Cookies for Store manager, District manager, Regional director of operations, Store controller and for Debbi and Randy Fields. Answer to question#1 Store manager performs the following tasks at work: âž ¢ Enters workday characteristics for the system to structure overall tasks. âž ¢ Schedules production, including inventory management. âž ¢ Hires new employees. District manager performs the following tasks at work: âž ¢ Manages 6 stores (6Read MoreThe Historical Management Theory785 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined roles each individual as, the hierarchal structures, and the set rules and regulation everyone has to follow. Just as many other organizations FMI has created job roles for each individual position. After the initial training period each employee is expected to be able to complete all the task delineated in their job description with accuracy and proficiency. Not only does FMI hold their employees to their job description they have also created a system that reviews the employees and leaders performanceRead MoreDesigning A Multi Tasking Processes By Scheduler Skeleton And Data Algorithms1337 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance balance and sharing CPU equally in the system. In the scheduling of Kernel, each process has a priority value which ranges from 1 to 139. 1 is the highest priority level. 139 is the lowest priority level. The real time priorities range from 1 to 99 and the normal priorities range from 100 to 139. The smaller number of priority value, the priority is higher. All real time programs have a higher priority than normal programs in the system. In Linux scheduling is implemented by a class namedRead MoreEvaluating The Planning And Control Systems Used At Johnson Johnson Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 2 In evaluating the planning and control system in use at Johnson Johnson, there are some strengths and weaknesses in the system. One of its strength is the decentralized management that divides the organization down to business units such as Codman Shurtleff. The managers of these subsidiaries have authority to make decisions and plan operations within their subsidiaries. Planning and budgeting is done within the organization and brought to executive committee members of Johnson Read MoreA Research On Artificial Intelligence1338 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting the clinical encounter, expert systems today are more likely to be found used in clinical laboratories and educational settings. They’re often used for clinical surveillance, or in data-rich setting like intensive care. One of the most important tasks now facing developers of AI-based systems is to accurately characterize aspects of medical practice that are best suited to the introduction of artificial intelligence systems. The complex systems we see today are not going to replaceRead MoreMajor Elements Of Memory Management1648 Words   |  7 PagesD. Major elements of memory management Linux operating system is using virtual memory to support programs running in the system. The virtual memory provides lots of optimal ways to maximize the memory mapping and utilization. The virtual memory can allocate much more memory to processes than its actual physical memory size. Linux provides virtual memory great support to allow the processes running in the system, such as mapping the process’s memory to physical memory (Arora, 2012). There are twoRead MoreApplication Of An Enterprise Architecture1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Most organizations have different types of systems that have been implemented and being used for different purposes over the year of their operations. In this day and age, technologies seem to change rapidly with executives and managers finding it difficult to get a pictorial view of the existing systems whenever a new system is being implemented. The primary purpose of an enterprise architecture is to integrate the Information Technology (IT) assets across different departments ofRead MoreFinancial Management Of The Healthcare Organization1371 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial position and mere its performance. Health systems routinely compare their financial results to those of a peer group of healthy competitors. Managers of most health organizations strive to achieve the outcome of comparable healthy competitors, it is equally important to examine those unhealthy competitors. By doing this managers can learn from their mistakes and know what to avoid in the future. Mid-level manag ers should ask themselves questions about the organization they are a part of. AreRead MoreThe Importance Of Work Related Stress On Managing Stress1433 Words   |  6 PagesPart A Question 1 Work-related stress is that the response folks might have once presented with work demands and pressures that aren t matched to their data and talents and that challenge their ability to cope. Stress happens during a big selection of labor circumstances however is commonly created worse once staff feel they need very little support from supervisors and colleagues and wherever they need very little management over work or however they will cope with its demands and pressures. OrganizationsRead MoreExplain The Meaning Of The Four Elements Of Management Process1438 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 3 Question 3.1 3.1 Explain the meaning of each of the four elements of the management process as indicated in the illustration above (Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling). Answer PLANNING: According to Management 4th South African Edition it defines planning as â€Å"defining organisational objectives and proposing ways to reach them†. In planning you also need to establish what goal needs to be achieved, how that goes is to be achieved, by when and by whom. ORGANISING: is preparation

Betrayal in Malorys Le Morte D’Arthur - 1138 Words

Malory Paper Malorys Le Morte D’Arthur isnt known to be classic just because of Arthur-but rather the themes of family, love, revenge, identity, loyalty and betrayal. As King, Arthur is put in many situations that test the people he surrounds himself with. Therefore, betrayal has become a reoccurring theme. Throughout the novel, people are seen betraying each other. Betrayal has become familiar in a way to the members of the round table, ultimately leading to its demise. The acts of betrayal occur in various forms, whether it be through adultery or just going behind the other persons back. Regardless of how it happens it brings about serious disorder for all involved. The first of act of real betrayal is seen towards the†¦show more content†¦The fact that Gwynevere is the King Arthur wife means that she is committing treason by having her relationship with Lancelot. Yet again the novel Arthur is being betrayed. The love that Trystrames and Isoud shared is talked about once again. But this time is for a completely different reason. Now instead of the feeling of betrayal coming from King Mark, it’s coming from Trystrames. As a result of her deciding to accept another man’s love letters. Alas madame! The good love that I have lovyd you, and many londis and grete rychesse have I forsakyn for youre love! And now ye are a traytouras unto me, whych dothe me grete payne. (Malory 299) He expresses the fact he feels like she betrayed his love for her.He even says that he has forsaken great riches for her love and betraying their love has left him in pain. Towards the end of the novel we see what Arthur’s thoughts are about betrayal. â€Å"The law was such in tho dayes that whatsomever they were, of what astate or degrà ©, if they were founden gylty of treson there should be none other remedy but deth (Malory 654) King Arthur is stating that committing is adultery is seen as treason and the answer for that should be death. According to Breier, â€Å"Malory was facing a moral dilemma with respect to the love affair between Lancelot and Gwenyvere: on the one hand, he claimed Lancelot to be the most virtuous knight in the Arthurian realm, and on the other he relates – for the first time inShow MoreRelated Arthurian Legend Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstands the Arthurian legend. Especially in the movies the central idea of a literary work can be lost. Compared to Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur have movies lost sight of what the Arthurian legend tries to teach? Le Morte d’Arthur has several different themes working within in for Hollywood to choose from. An easy one for moviemakers is the glorification of the hero. In Malory’s work it appears that he is glorifying Arthur but really his work is being very critical. Arthur is an interesting manRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte DArthur1246 Words   |  5 Pagesloyal always. In addition, a chevalier cannot act on their own accord if the consequences include betrayal of the king, thus they must remain selfless. All the chevaliers have their flaws; however, the other three knights within Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte dArthur, cannot compete with Sir Gawain since hes the persona of the most exemplary knight. Originating from the very beginning of Le Morte dArthur, Sir Launcelots loyalty to the king is continuous questionable. The labeled â€Å"traitor† or Sir LauncelotRead MoreKing Arthur Literary Analysis3547 Words   |  15 Pagesclaims to the throne of all Britain were made, which is actually the premise of the King Arthur legend. Nobles and Kings owned land and had armies of Knights who pledged a code of chivalry to them. This was an honor system that strongly condemned betrayal and promoted mutual respect. In the Feudal society, only males could inherit the land. The land was passed down through primogeniture (to the eldest son). Noblewomen had limited rights. They could sometimes inherit fiefs but could not rule it. Noblewomen

Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector Free Essays

string(48) " for the year ended March 31, 2010 and Rs 1658\." India’s real estate market is on a high growth curve. The industry is projected to grow to US$50 billion by the end of FY2010 at an average rate of 20%. Looking at the bigger picture, the recession seems like a hiccup. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite talks of price correction, the worse is definitely behind us. In this feature, we present our list of market leaders. The task was dauntingand complicated. Instead of a list that says India’s Top 20, we divided the players regionally based on their headquarters. Many are national players but some are purely regional players and hence it would be unfair to compare them. The idea was to identify national as well as local leaders. Of course, all such lists are subject to market dynamics. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM NORTH DLF Ltd Headed by:Â  Dr Kushal Pal Singh, Chairman About:Â  With a track record of 64 years, DLF is India’s largest real estate company in terms of revenues, earnings, market capitalization and developable area. It currently has pan India presence across 30 cities with approximately 238 million sq ft of completed development and 413 million sq ft of planned projects, of which 56 million sq ft of projects are under construction during FY10. Project Spectrum: Residential, townships, commercial complexes, IT Parks, hotels, multiplexes, etc. Quick fact:Â  Only listed real estate Company included in the BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty, MSCI India Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Asia Index. Latest: Will take its luxury mall DLF Emporio (already operational in New Delhi) to other big cities such as Hyderabad and Chennai. OMAXE LTD Headed by:Â  Rohtas Goel, CMD About:Â  Over the past 22 years, Omaxe has established itself through diverse range of residential and commercial projects. The company at present has 53 projects under execution and planning. Omaxe Ltd was the first Construction Company of northern India to receive an ISO 9001:2000 Certification. Project Spectrum: Integrated townships, Group housing, SEZs, Shopping malls commercial complexes and hotels. Latest: Has entered into infrastructure sector through Omaxe Infrastructure Construction Ltd (OICL), a wholly owned subsidiary. OICL has bagged the first contract to construct Highway and three high level bridges in Punjab. The contract is awarded by Greater Mohali Area Development Authority and its value is pegged at Rs704 million. UNITECH Headed by:Â  Ramesh Chandra, Executive Chairman About:Â  Established in 1972, Unitech is today India’s leading real estate developer in India. It is the first developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 in North India. Project Spectrum: Unitech offers diversified projects across residential, commercial/IT parks, retail, hotels, amusement parks and SEZs segments. Unitech was the first real estate company to be part of the National Stock Exchange’s NIFTY 50 Index. The company has over 600,000 shareholders. Unitech and Norway based Telenor Group came together to build Uninor – a telecommunication services company providing GSM services across India. Latest: Has ventured into the infrastructure business by launching Unitech Infra. ANSAL API Headed by:Â  Sushil Ansal, Chairman About:Â  Established in 1967 as a family business, Ansal API today is clearly amongst the real estate leaders of India. Having established itself very strongly in the NCR region, Ansal API is now focusing on ventures in cities like Bhatinda, Mohali, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad, Meerut, Agra, Lucknow, to name a few. Ansal API has till date, developed and delivered more than 190 million sq ft. The company currently has a land reserve of about 9,335 acres. Project Spectrum: Integrated Townships, Condominiums, Group Housing, Malls, Shopping Complex, Hotels, SEZs, IT Parks and Infrastructure and Utility Services Latest: Raised Rs231. 4 crore through private placement of shares with institutional investors for reducing its debt and execute ongoing projects. PARSVNATH DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:Â  Pradeep Jain, Chairman About:Â  Incorporated in July 1990 by Mr Jain in New Delhi, Parsvnath today has a substantial pan India presence in over 45 cities across 16 states. The company has emerged as one of the most progressive and multi-faceted real estate and construction entities in India. Project spectrum: Housing (premium, mid-market as well as affordable), office complexes, shopping malls hypermarkets, hotels, multiplexes, IT Parks and SEZs. Quick fact: First real estate company to have integrated with ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Latest update: Has partnered with Red Fort Capital to execute a Concession Agreement with DMRC for development of a prime Grade A office project in New Delhi’s Connaught Place. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM WEST GODREJ PROPERTIES LTD Headed by:Â  Milind Korde, MD About:Â  Established in 1990, Godrej Properties Ltd (GPL) brings the Godrej Group philosophy of innovation and excellence to the real estate industry. GPL aspires to be among India’s top three real estate companies while continuing to be the most trusted name in the industry. GPL has completed several landmark projects and is currently developing significant projects in 11 cities across India. Godrej Properties Ltd is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and The National Stock Exchange (NSE). Latest: Sold over 200 apartments within 2 days of launch of its project Godrej Frontier in Gurgaon. This is the company’s first residential project in northern India. K RAHEJA CORP Headed by:Â  Chandru L Raheja, Chairman About:Â  Incorporated in 1956, this Mumbai based real estate giant has been engaged in real estate development for more than four decades. K Raheja Corp has built residences, commercial buildings and hotels throughout India. The Group also diversified in the hospitality sector in 1981and in the retail sector in 1991. The company has several landmark projects to its credits across cities. Quick fact: K Raheja Corp has given a firm commitment to have all of its future projects undertaken anywhere in India to be Leed Certified Green Building Projects. OBEROI REALTY LTD Headed by:Â  Vikas Oberoi, CMD About:Â  Founded in 1998, the company was recently in limelight for its IPO. The Company’s consolidated total income and consolidated net profit after tax and prior period items as restated were Rs8,054. 95 million and Rs4,576. 20 million for the year ended March 31, 2010 and Rs 1658. You read "Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector" in category "Essay examples" 27 million and Rs797. 96 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The company has presence in Mumbai and Pune. Project Spectrum: Oberoi Realty focuses on premium, single space and mixed used development across residential, office space, retail, hospitality and social infrastructure segments. KALPATARU GROUP Headed by:Â  Mofatraj P Munot, Promoter About:Â  Established in 1969, Kalpataru is one of the leading real estate development groups in India. The Group has been active primarily in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) Pune. It is also undertaking projects in other key cities such as Hyderabad, Surat, Nagpur, Jaipur and Udaipur. The Kalpataru Group has interests in real estate development, property and project management, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracting for power transmission and infrastructure projects including road projects, warehousing and logistics. Project Spectrum: The focus has been on the development of premium residential, commercial, retail, integrated townships, lifestyle gated communities and redevelopment projects. DB REALTY Headed by:Â  Vinod Goenka and Shahid Balwa About:Â  It is one of India’s fastest growing real estate companies headquartered in Mumbai. The Company currently has more than 30 ultra premium projects under various stages of planning and also completion in both Mumbai and Pune. It has 20. 5 million sq ft of saleable area of ongoing projects with a projected area of 40. 5 million sq ft in forthcoming and upcoming projects. DB Realty is publicly listed company both on BSE and NSE with a market capitalisation of more than Rs10000 crore. Latest: Few months ago, it bagged the right to redevelop a large chunk of the 100-acre PWD government colony in Mumbai’s Bandra suburb. This will be one of the biggest redevelopment projects in the city. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM SOUTH SOBHA DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:Â  PNC Menon, Chairman About:Â  The Company was founded in 1995 by PNC Menon after he returned home from the Middle East where he was acclaimed for quality interiors and construction since 1977. Today, this Rs10 billion plus company is one of the largest and only backward integrated company in the construction arena. Its IPO in 2006 was oversubscribed by 126 times that created history, being the first event of its kind in Indian capital markets. Till date, Sobha has completed 47 residential projects, 13 commercial projects and 166 contractual projects covering about 36 million sq ft area in 18 cities across India (as of 31 March 2010). The company currently has 21 ongoing residential projects aggregating to 8. 5 million sq ft, while 4. 4 million sq ft of contractual projects are under various stages of construction. BRIGADE GROUP Headed by:Â  MR Jaishankar, CMD About:Â  Established in 1986, Brigade is one of South India’s leading property developers. It is headquartered in Bangalore with projects extending across several major cities in South India like Chennai, Chikmagalur, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mangalore and Mysore. Project Spectrum: Brigade has a multi-domain portfol io that covers property development, property management services, hospitality and education. Latest: Brigade recently obtained the license from the World Trade Centers Association to classify and manage its one million sq ft office tower in its mixed use project Brigade Gateway as ‘World Trade Centre Bangalore. PURAVANKARA GROUP Headed by:Â  Ravi Puravankara, Founder and CMD About:Â  Established in 1975, the Group has grown to be one of the leading real estate developers of the country, primarily in the premium housing segment. It has projects across cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Kochi, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mysore, Kolkata and Colombo. The Group also has a presence in Dubai, UAE. With a land bank of over 125 million sq ft, the Group has above 20 million sq ft of residential and commercial space currently under construction. Latest: Recently launched Purva Venezia that recreates the beauty of Venice at Yelhanka in Bangalore. NITESH ESTATES Headed by:Â  Nitesh Shetty, MD About:Â  Founded in 2004, Nitesh Estates is an integrated property development company headquartered in Bangalore. Project Spectrum: In just six years, the Company has brought more than nine million sq ft of space under development across housing, hotels, office buildings and shopping malls. The company is growing even faster with plans to expand its operations in other cities like Goa, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi. Nitesh Estates has to its credit a series of firsts: the first to win India’s largest corporate housing project (ITC Limited), one among the first few to attract FDI in real estate (Och Ziff and Citigroup) and has the distinction of bringing to India it’s very first Ritz Carlton. It has 27 ongoing and forthcoming projects in and around Bangalore and Goa. It has land bank of 19 million sq ft, which will be developed in the next 4-5 years. PRESTIGE ESTATES PROJECTS LTD Headed by:Â  Irfan Razack, CMD About:Â  Founded in 1986, Prestige has completed more than 142 projects and has 59 ongoing projects. The company has presence in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mysore as well as Goa. Project Spectrum: Develops projects across segments like residential, commercial, integrated township, retail, leisure hospitality and mixed-use. Latest: Prestige raised Rs12 billion rupees through its IPO recently. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM EAST AMBUJA REALTY Headed by:Â  Harshavardhan Neotia, CMD About:Â  Ambuja Realty has been providing housing in West Bengal, in a pioneering joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board for the past 15 years under the name Bengal Ambuja. The first real estate company in Eastern India to get ISO: 9002 Certification, in 1999, Bengal Ambuja has also earned them the highest developer rating in India – DRI from ICRA, in 2003. Project Spectrum: The Group has a diversified presence across segments like residential, retail, commercial and hospitality. The company is also planning an aggressive pan-India growth strategy to deliver an unprecedented number of high-quality projects. Currently, it is building more malls, hospitals, IT Parks, luxury resorts, business hotels and are even aspiring to build a University. Latest: To invest around Rs500 crore in developing three shopping malls under the ‘City Centre’ brand in Raipur, Haldia and Patna. MERLIN GROUP Headed by:Â  Sushil Mohta, MD About:Â  Merlin Group is a recognized name in the realty business of India’s eastern parts. The Group has grown over past three decades with over 50 residential and commercial complexes as well as several standalone projects. Project Spectrum: Merlin Group has innovated with various formats and core projects including premium housing, essential housing, country homes and bungalows, specialty malls, office towers, IT buildings, hotels new generation clubs, and resorts, serviced apartment’s stadium and townships. It also has presence in other parts of India with its various residential and commercial projects at Chennai, Chhattisgarh and Ahmedabad. PS GROUP Founded by:Â  Pradip Kumar Chopra Surendra Kumar Dugar About:Â  Today, the original pair of founders has grown into a group of seven players, with the second generation joining the business in right earnest. Project Spectrum: PS Group is involved in the development of premium residential complexes, integrated townships, commercial buildings, hotels, IT parks and a wide range of shopping malls. The company already has completed 100 projects with Trinity Plush and intends to complete another 50 projects in the next two years. HILAND GROUP Headed by:Â  Nayan Basu, CEO Credited with more than 50 multi-storeyed landmark developments adorning the skyline of Kolkata, the Hiland Group has today emerged as one of the most prominent developers in Kolkata. Latest: The Group has also entered into a 50:50 joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board to form Bengal United Credit Belani Housing Ltd. Hiland Woods is the key project of this joint venture. It is a residential development catering to a mix of demographic profiles across LIG, MIG and HIG. BELANI GROUP Headed by:Â  Nandu Belani About:Â  The Company commenced operations in Kolkata in 1967 and has pioneered the business of building, promoting and developing high-rise apartments and commercial buildings in the city over the last four decades. Some of the key rojects done by this Group are Metro Towers, IDBI Building, British Deputy High Commission, Belmont Apartments, East End Gardens, Neelkamal , Shakespeare Court, Greenwoods and Palacio. The Group has presence across segments like integrated townships, residential, commercial, retail and hospitality. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES TO WATCH OUT FOR We wind up our feature with five names to watch out for. TATA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT COMP ANY Headed by:Â  Brotin Banerjee, MD CEO About:Â  Tata Housing is a closely held Public Limited Company and a subsidiary of Tata Sons Ltd. Since it’s revival in 2006, Tata Housing has been focused on developing and transforming real estate development in India. With the primary business being the development of properties in residential, commercial and retail sectors, the company’s operations span across various aspects of real estate development. With existing presence in Mumbai, Goa, Chandigarh, Bengaluru, Gurgaon, Pune, Lonavala, Talegaon and Kolkatta, the Company is in the process of expanding its projects to other parts of India across tier I and II cities. Latest: Has announced aggressive growth plans to invest over Rs2500 crore in the affordable and value homes segment by 2011. SUNIL MANTRI REALTY LTD Headed by:Â  Sunil Mantri About:Â  With substantial presence across residential, retail, commercial, office, IT parks and SEZ development, this Company is poised on the cusp of rapid growth and expansion into newer territories. The company is now poised to diversify into hospitality and financial services sector in a significant way. With 300% growth recorded in the past three years, the company is one of the fastest-growing real estate companies in India. From a presence in 2 cities, it has grown miraculously to 14 cities in India and is venturing into Malaysia to build an ICT centre in Johor. LODHA DEVELOPERS Headed by:Â  Abhisheck Lodha, MD About:Â  Founded in 1980, Lodha Developers are primarily Mumbai based with some presence in Pune and Hyderabad. Lodha Developers provides comprehensive residential and office space solutions across real estate categories and diverse consumer segments – from luxury garden residences in South Mumbai to large integrated townships in the suburbs, from thoughtfully designed office environments to private villa retreats. The group has extended this philosophy to office spaces as well, where it was one of the first in India to introduce the concept of branded office spaces. Latest: Announcement of World One, a landmark development on a 17 acre site, slated to be the tallest residential development in the world. AKSHAYA PRIVATE LTD Headed by:Â  T Chitty Babu, Chairman CEO About:Â  Headquartered in Chennai, Akshaya has successfully completed over 148 landmark projects in a short period of 15 years. Akshaya is one of the few CRISIL rated organizations in Chennai’s real estate space. Akshaya’s excellence in its endeavours has also resulted in the Integrated ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 Management System. The Integrated Management System Certification, incidentally, has been conferred on only 11 companies in India. Akshaya also achieved the feat of being one of the two companies in our country to win the SA 8000:2008 Certification (the global social accountability standard for creating employee-friendly workplace). Akshaya is now foraying into commercial and IT space while envisioning state-of-the-art shopping malls and diversified operations in other parts of South India. Latest: Recently launched its luxury project, 36-Carat, which became the only project in Chennai to get the coveted ‘Chennai-5 Star’ rating. THE 3C COMPANY Headed by:Â  Three directors including renowned architect Vidur Bharadwaj About:Â  Founded in: 2007, The 3C Company has presence in the Delhi NCR. The Company stands apart due to focus on designing and developing green projects with on schedule delivery. Its USP of developing environment friendly designs has helped it carve a niche in the real estate segment. The Company is currently developing projects worth over Rs15000 crore. Project Spectrum: The 3C Company has presence across segments such as residential, commercial, IT Parks and SEZs. Latest: After the success of three green projects, it announced the launch of another green residential project called Lotus Zing. It has tied up with Kotak Real Estate Fund for this project, which has a total capital outlay of Rs850 crore. How to cite Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector, Essay examples

Business Function Outsourcing

Question: Discuss about the Business Function Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction: Outsourcing is considered as one of the major business activities in contemporary world. This is considered as important because it helps in attaining innovation and providing best services to the customers. This facilitates the company to develop themselves in their core competencies and activities that are more important to be conducted. This also helps in reducing the expense of the company in the activities that can be outsourced (Sturgeon and Gereffi, 2009). This is because these activities can be conducted by other third party company and the parent company does not need to spend a huge amount of money in employing the employees as well as provision of training to them. This literature review focuses on disadvantages and advantages of outsourcing functions of business. This report discusses about the theories and concepts of outsourcing as well as their benefits and disadvantages. Definition and Types of Outsourcing: Outsourcing said to be made of two words that is out and sourcing. This suggests that the companies source out their responsibilities and work from different companies or from other sources (Wllenweber, Beimborn, Weitzel and Knig, 2008). It is defined as the process that deals with delegation of work and responsibilities of one party to another party in order to save the expenses of training to the employees as well as saving the time. outsourcing can be of two types, first is partial outsourcing in which the partial work or some of the functions of the company is delegated to third part in order to source out work from them. Another author at the same time defined out sourcing as the process of delivering the responsibility of decision making to the other organization in order to help the business to increase this return of investment. According to Kurdi et al. outsourcing every time is not the appropriate approach to conduct, sometimes it is necessary to out-tasking the responsibil ities (Kurdia, Abdul-Tharim, Jaffar, Azli, Shuib and Ab-Wahid, 2011). He also argues about the facility management activities that are necessary for the business but has not been focused when the business gradually increase, thus he suggested that out sourcing of these activities help the company to have such activities with proper movement without wasting the company's expenses on these activates. He defined outsourcing as the process of procurement of the services from the external organization other than the parent organization. Author suggested that out-tasking is also an alternative for the traditional out sourcing of the work (Shi, 2007). He has compared the out sourcing activities and in house activities to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing (Mohr, Sengupta and Slater, 2011). This approach has enabled to reader to know about the differences between the in house activities with respect to outsourcing, this information from this study help the organiz ation to take decision over the selection of any of the effective technique for the function from outsourcing and in house functioning. Tayaouova suggested that there are three theories related to the process of outsourcing. The first theory is the resource based theory that is based on overcomes the weakness of the company (Tayauova, 2012). In this type of outsourcing, the outsourcing of such functions is done that are not established in the company. This is used to overcome the weakness of the company. The next theory is the core competency theory. This theory discusses about the fact that the core competencies or the core activities of the company should be conducted in house but the activities that are not core on nature should be outsourced from the other organizations. The last theory is the transaction theory. The transaction theory talks about determining the transaction cost of any of the activity when conducted in house and when are outsourced. Then, according to that tran saction costs associated with the activity, it should be outsourced. Reasons for Outsourcing: Iqbal and Dad discuses some of the reasons behind outsourcing. The first reason that has been discussed by the author is the reduction in cost and the economies of scale (Iqbal and Dad, 2013). Most of the companies have the motive of reducing the short term cost of the company by outsourcing some of the activities such as IT functions. The main cost that acts as the driver for outsourcing is the cost related to the employees. Another reason that drives the outsourcing activities is advancement in the technology over the globe. The advancement in technology forces the organization to delegate their work to the BPO that have the technical capability to perform the activities outsourcing the non-core activities help the organization to focus completely on the core competencies of the organization so that they can achieve competitive advantage with the help of those core competencies (Lacity, Solomon, Yan and Willcocks, 2011). Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing: Different authors have suggested some of the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. The concepts of these authors may be different but the basic elements that have been discussed by them are almost similar (Carettas, 2009). As far as the advantages of outsourcing are concerned, the first advantage of outsourcing is the reduction in the cost or the reduction in the expenses of the company over the non-core activities. The non-core activities of the company can be defined as the activities that are essential to be conducted but directly do not contribute in the success of the company or the output of the company. For example, if a medium sized company needs to build software for the company, then the company would prefer to outsource the work instead of hiring or training their own engineer to perform the same task (Haugen, Musser and Lovelace, 2009). This is because it saves the hiring and the training cost of the company which is higher than its outsourcing c ost. The second advantage that has been discussed by the author is that the company can get the time and money to spend on the core activities of the business. it has been analyzed by the researchers that most of the companies have suggested that outsourcing some of their activities allow them to focuses on the core activities of the business so that they achieve competitive advantage out of those activities (Noe, 2013). Third advantage that has been discussed is related to the access of the high qualified professional with the help of the third part organization. This point suggests that the company can have access over the well qualified professional that cannot be employed by the company itself. This is because the third part company is specialized in the field and thus has acquired the best human resource for the purposes (Norman, 2010). The fourth advantage of outsourcing the work is the attain improvement in the processes. The improvement in performance is because of the high capability of the outsourcing firm and the economies of scale. As the company that performs the outsourced work processes at very higher scale in the same fields thus provide the companies with great performance output. The last advantage that has been enjoyed by the companies in order to outsource the work from the third party is the flexibility of change. As the business environment changes, it is not possible for the companies to change their operations in order to match those environment every time. Thus, outsourcing the work from the socialized organizations helps in providing the work according to the latest environment. As the process of outsourcing has so many advantages, but also have many disadvantages as well. There are various disadvantages of outsourcing the work. The first disadvantage is the loss of control. The managers of the organization do not have any control over the work processes as the work is conducted by the third party organization (Gewald and Dibbern, 2009). To manage the process that are conducted outside the organization require different skills such as contract management, negotiation etc. auditing is another difficult job that needs to be done in case if the organization chose to outsource the work. It is the essential step to be performed in order to check and monitor the functioning that has been conducted. This is because the work that has been processed in the third party company is very confidential and thus it is very important to secure the data. The third disadvantage of the outsourcing process is expectation. As the third party company is specialized in the function so it is the expectation of the company that the third party will perform beyond expectation as compared to the internal staff (Liston, Byrne, Byrne and Heavey, 2007). Sometimes, this expectation may not get fulfilled and the organization need to suffer loses because of the fault of the other organization. So, this acts as the risk of outsourcing the work. Outsourcing results in downsizing of the organization sometimes. This may be beneficial for the organization but is not good for the employees of the organization. The downsizing is the process that acts as the burden for the top management of the company as they have to make decision over the firing of the employees. It becomes very difficult for the top management to decide who deserves and who is not. The change in the organization due to downsizing also acts as the challenge for the company. Every article that has been discussed has almost same concepts but the author has different way of thinking regarding the concepts (Bustinza, Molina and GUTIERREZ?GUTIERREZ, 2010).. If the comparison has been made in the articles, it can be seen that Tayauova has clearly mentioned the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing process. Conclusion: Thus literature review provides the knowledge about different aspects of the business outsourcing functions. It has been analyzed that there are various functions that can outsourced and may have advantages and disadvantages for the organizations, some author discuses that outsourcing provides the company to focus on their core competencies and other argues that the company loses the control over their operations as the work is done by the third party. Many contradictory statements have also been made by the authors such as it help the company to get effective work output but also has the risk of delay and inefficient work as the company is not monitoring the work processes (Liou and Chuang, 2010). This creates the dilemmas among the mind of readers that whether outsourcing is good for the company or not. various advantages of the outsourcing business functions has been discussed in the articles such as reduction in cost, efficient work output, focus on core competencies etc. Several disadvantages have also been discussed such as high expectations of the output, downsizing of the organization, loss of control over the process, responsibility of timely auditing the work, late in delivery of the work, loss due to fault of the third party etc. the articles that have been discussed in the review have contrasting views regarding the topic but have similarities in the aspects that has been discussed by different authors. It is difficult to measure the advantages of outsourcing with respect to its disadvantages. One of the author has suggested that the task that needs to be outsourced should be associated with the cist first and then needs to be analyzed whether outsourcings has to be done or not. The practice helps the organization to make good decision regarding business outsourcing functions. References: Bustinza, O.F., Molina, L.M. and GUTIERREZ?GUTIERREZ, L.J., 2010. Outsourcing as seen from the perspective of knowledge management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,46(3), pp.23-39. Carettas, K., 2009.Outsourcing, teamwork business management. New York. Gewald, H. and Dibbern, J., 2009. Risks and benefits of business process outsourcing: A study of transaction services in the German banking industry.Information Management,46(4), pp.249-257. Haugen, D., Musser, S. and Lovelace, K., 2009.Outsourcing. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Iqbal, Z. and Dad, A.M., 2013. Outsourcing: A Review of Trends, Winners Losers and Future Directions.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(8). Kurdia, M.K., Abdul-Tharim, A.H., Jaffar, N., Azli, M.S., Shuib, M.N. and Ab-Wahid, A.M., 2011. Outsourcing in facilities management-A Literature Review.Procedia Engineering,20, pp.445-457. Lacity, M.C., Solomon, S., Yan, A. and Willcocks, L.P., 2011. Business process outsourcing studies: a critical review and research directions.Journal of information technology,26(4), pp.221-258. Liou, J.J. and Chuang, Y.T., 2010. Developing a hybrid multi-criteria model for selection of outsourcing providers.Expert Systems with Applications,37(5), pp.3755-3761. Liston, P., Byrne, J., Byrne, P.J. and Heavey, C., 2007. Contract costing in outsourcing enterprises: Exploring the benefits of discrete-event simulation.International Journal of Production Economics,110(1), pp.97-114. Mohr, J.J., Sengupta, S. and Slater, S.F., 2011. Mapping the outsourcing landscape.Journal of Business Strategy,32(1), pp.42-50. Noe, R., 2013.Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Norman, T., 2010.Outsourcing human resource activities. Saarbru?cken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing. Shi, Y., 2007. Today's solution and tomorrow's problem: the business process outsourcing risk management puzzle.California Management Review,49(3), pp.27-44. Sturgeon, T.J. and Gereffi, G., 2009. Measuring success in the global economy: International trade, industrial upgrading and business function outsourcing in global value chains.Transnational Corporations,18(2), p.1. Tayauova, G., 2012. Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing: analysis of outsourcing practices of Kazakhstan banks.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,41, pp.188-195. Wllenweber, K., Beimborn, D., Weitzel, T. and Knig, W., 2008. The impact of process standardization on business process outsourcing success.Information Systems Frontiers,10(2), pp.211-224.

Compare Leadership and Management Essay How to Write it Properly Essay Example

Compare Leadership and Management Essay: How to Write it Properly Essay No matter what topic you cover in your writing, you should follow a certain guideline when creating an essay. This will allow you to write informative, interesting work with a good clear structure. Lets learn in detail how to achieve this. It is important to remember that when you compare leaders and managers, your assignment should present a thorough and thoughtful material. Your thoughts and arguments need to be supported by facts, references, and examples. What is Write Difference between Leadership and Management Essay? Compare leaders and managers in your work means writing a concise and strong essay in which you analyze the current situation about this topic, react to its problems, and gather information and facts. Preparation for writing Before you start writing, try to consider the problem from all different positions. Carefully consider the composition of the future written work. Gather any information that can cause discussion at an early stage before writing an essay. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Leadership and Management Essay: How to Write it Properly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Leadership and Management Essay: How to Write it Properly specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Leadership and Management Essay: How to Write it Properly specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Before you start writing your differences between management and leadership essay, you should follow a few important steps to ensure your future work is of a high standard of quality. Important tips First, you need to analyze the problem that your work poses. Determine exactly what your essay focuses on. You must have a solid understanding of this. Only then you can start searching for the right material for your assignment. If you do not understand the meaning of your business essay, then your readers will not even understand what it is about. The next important step is to research the material for your business essay. Find the relevant facts and specific thoughts that you want to indicate in the written work. After gathering all the necessary material in front of you and structure it. Structure At this stage of the work, it would be fine to structure all the material that you are studying. Thus, you will not forget to mention something that is important and mandatory in your future essay. After completing all the preparatory work, the actual stage of writing an essay about managers and leaders begin. Its hard to believe, but writing is considered the easiest part of the process. Collect all the information before you and arrange it in a structured form. Introduction Here you must outline your understanding of the main problem of the essay and explain to the reader what kind of decision you are proposing. Then you need to describe the prerequisites for creating an essay. Here it is necessary to tell what theories already exist about the chosen problem.: Both leadership and management are necessary for the operation of any business, but it must be understood that these are different concepts. The qualities that make a person a good leader often turn him into a bad manager. And the qualities that make a person a good manager can prevent him from becoming an effective leader. Very often leaders take risks. Therefore, having a managers qualities does not guarantee that he will be a successful leader. To achieve success, the leader must know how to choose the right managers for him. Body In the main research section of the essay, list all the facts and other information that you selected on this issue. You can also give other peoples points of view on this topic and your reasoning. It will be good if you add some contradictory facts in your work so that the reader can think and reflect. The attention of the manager should be directed to parts and details in order to achieve success in his business. The leader must have the vision to see the whole picture. A good leader usually does not like small details. A good manager is experiencing difficulties when he tries to see the overall for small things. Of course, there are exceptions. There are effective managers with the abilities of leaders and leaders who can be excellent managers. However, it is better when the leader and manager pay more attention to their core talents, without being distracted by what is not peculiar to them. Almost every significant business was founded by the leader, not by the manager. At the same time, many enterprises, after the departure of their founders, were headed by managers. Progress requires the ability to see beyond the present moment; this is an area where real leaders are and where managers feel uncomfortable. The manager sees what it is now, and the leader always looks at what can it be like. Therefore, both management and leadership are important. If managers understand leaders, and vice versa, then almost certainly any enterprise or business will suffer from recessions less, and management will be more effective. The leaders job is to give direction, vision, and inspiration when people work together. Regardless of how good the leader is, it will not be effective without good managers. One the major fact is that the level of his success or failure is determined by the quality of managers, whom he will be able to raise. The ability to see the qualities and abilities of employees is just as important for achieving the goal, as is the availability of vision and other resources needed by the enterprise. Conclusion Writing a conclusion, you need to connect all the thoughts put together and take stock. Your point of view on the problem should be the result of the essay. The role of a leader is taking corrective action and likes changes; the role of the manager is directing and controlling the process. In conclusion, it is important not just to divide these two concepts, but to learn how to combine these to make the business successful. At the end of the work, you should also list the sources of information that you used to create the work. In other words, it is necessary to compile a bibliography. Now you should not have problems writing about the difference between leaders and managers. Following these recommendations, you can easily write quality and competent work that will interest the right business audience. Nevertheless, writing the difference between leadership and management essay is the process which involves some difficulties. If you have got any problems with such type of work or just want to order essay Thewritemyessay can do it for you. It provides a high-quality help with writing and revising assignments on the variety of topics.

Don Juan essays

Don Juan essays Obra de gnero dramtico o teatral. Es religiosa-fantstica y est dividida en dos partes, una de comedia y otra un drama religioso. Pasado un an de los dos era ms mujeriego y ms malvado. Don Luis enojado por la perdida de la apuesta, propuso un nuevo envite, el cual consistà ­a en conquistar a Dos. Para facilitarse las cosas, los dos sacaron los trapos sucios del otro, siendo asà ­ encarcelados los dos. Ambos lograron escaparse y de nuevo Don Juan logr sus propsitos, enamorando a la prometida de Don Luis. Don Juan rapt a Dos, del convento en el que se encontraba, llevndosela a su casa. Al poco tiempo llegaron Don Luis y Don Gonzalo, padre de Dos, pidindole a Don Juan que le devolviera a su hija. Don Juan mat a Don Gonzalo y huy a Italia. A su regreso de Italia se dirigi a su antigua casa dnde se encontr con un cementerio con todas las personas a las que l habà ­a matado, entre las tumbas pudo distinguir las de Don Gonzalo, Don Luis y para su sorpresa la de Dos. El fantasma de Don Gonzalo le advirti de su muerte, la sombra Dos velo por l salvndole del infierno, y logrando asà ­ vivir juntos en la eternidad. El tema central es el amor, algunos de los temas secundarios son la muerte, el honor y la valentà ­a. - Actos de la 1 ª parte : 1. Libertinaje y escndalo. 4. El diablo a las puertas del cielo. - Actos de la 2 ª parte : 1. La sombra de Dos. 2. La estatua de Don Gonzalo. 3. Misericordia de Dios y apoteosis del amor. - Actos 1 parte : 1. Hostelerà ­a. 2. Casa de Do&nti...

Constitutional Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Constitutional Amendment - Essay Example Though America was built by immigrants and is billed as the ‘land of opportunity,’ there is one job opportunity that is not open to foreigners, or those born to U.S. citizens who happen to be traveling at the time of their birth. The office of the presidency is available to natural-born citizens. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prevents discrimination in the hiring process but the top job in the White House is the one exception, hardly a shining example for a country that prides itself on diversity and tolerance and backs this concept with legislation meant to ensure these values are made into law. The provision in the Constitution is outdated and should be amended. According to the United States Constitution, Article II Section I, â€Å"no person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall be eligible to the office of President† (United States Constitution). This phrase means that persons who are not born in the U.S., whether they were adopted as a small infant by American parents or are a child of Americans but born outside the country are ineligible for the presidency. Many people believe that this is patently unfair and should be changed by amending the Constitution. The first of many arguments for such an amendment is located in the phrase in question, ‘at the time of the adoption of this Constitution.’ This implies that though the Founding Fathers believed it to be a good idea at the time, they did not intend for this clause to never be amended. During the decade of the 1990’s, American parents adopted approximately 100,000 children who were born in countries outside the U.S. This foreign adoption trend is rising because the U.S. is a very wealthy nation proportionate to many other regions of the world and adoption has become an increasingly acceptable method by which to

Stem cells and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stem cells and society - Essay Example The lost cells and tissues by the repeated chemotherapy and radiations can be easily replaced in cancer patients. It helps in the better understanding of genetic diseases too.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clinical application of this property has had much interest to the biomedical researchers in the recent years. There had been a number of researches confirming the clinical application of cloning.   Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) has opined that stem cells that are taken from the peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord can be cloned to treat heametological malignancies. The same study has also revealed the possibility of utilizing stem cell clones in the treatment of non heametological diseases, heart problems, diseases pertaining to the immune system and degenerative disorders (Stojanoski et al, 2009, 71-84). Thus the study confirms the role of cloning in evolving with potential solutions to a number of detrimental diseases. Thus the importance of cloning in relation to its clinical application can be considered of due relevance. Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) has further confirmed this point by citing examples from the successful case studies done at the Hematology Department, Skopje and the Skopje Cardiology clinic. Acute Myocardial infraction has been reported by the study as treated effectively using clones of stem cells from bone marrow Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) The study has urged further research in the area so that it can be developed as a confirmed therapeutic solution.

Japanization and Japanese Working Practices

Japanization and Japanese Working Practices Introduction Japan, a land of incredible diversity; modern yet steeped in custom; home of the friendliest of welcomes. Japanese celebrate the time of year with hanami (cherry blossom viewing) parties under the blossom trees. Japanization is the process in which Japanese culture dominates, assimilates or influences other cultures. It’s also called nippanization. Japanese style management and HRM has been selectively adapted and applied around the world. Japan has a homogenous culture and foreign immigrants are very small percentage of its population. Japanization is not accepted completely around the globe. Here we are going to examine why the spread of Japanese management is constrained by local culture and working practices with the help of a case study material. Japanization Japanese are collectivistic, where as Britain and United States people are individualistic. In-group in Britain includes only a nuclear family i.e., spouse, children and sometimes spouse’s widowed or infirm parent. In India it is a joint family includes grand parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, other relatives and close friends. But in Japan we can find an additional member in the in-group: the company for which a person works. In Hofstede’s study Japan scored 46 on individualism. On the other hand USA and UK scored 91 and 89 respectively. Japanese are very hard working. Also they have strong sense of duty and indebtedness. (Tayeb, 2005) The trade unions in Japan are company based. The companies like Toyota, Nissan and Hitachi has their own unions. In UK it is craft based. I.e. fire fighters, mine workers and teachers and so on has their unions. Indebtedness: In 2003, canon prepared to buy Mizuho shares, but later it fell into financial troubles i.e. to pay a debt to Fuji bank. Fuji bank made canon out of trouble when it fell into problems 30 years ago. Ringi method: It is a special characteristic of Japanese enterprises in decision making. In this process the written proposal will be circulated first to those who are going to be affected and then to the senior management. It is very time consuming process. So it is used for only important decision making. (Misumi, 1984). Quality circles: It is a small group activity in which blue collar and white collar workers from different departments of a company assembled voluntarily. These volunteers are trained in problem identification and problem solving techniques. It is perfectly tuned with the Japanese collectivism. Life-time employment (Nenko): Japanese HRM practices are sustained by their certain management practices such as life time employment. This obviously creates stable work environment and no fear of Unemployment. It means that employees are hired after their education and remain with the same company till their retirement. Nenko is operated by large firms. Japanese Management Kaizen philosophy: Kaizen is defined as continuous improvement that involves each and every employee from executives to labourers with managers in between them. Kaizen is a driving force and a vital tool to Japanese success. This philosophy has been implemented round the globe followed by the Japanese successful lead. It is used as a method to increase production values and improve employee morale and safety. Kaizen is taken from words ‘kai’, which means continuous and ‘zen’, which means improvement. Kaizen concept is the primary difference between how change is viewed by Japanese and in the west. Western companies reject kaizen just because of without knowing about it. American companies run by years without any change. On the other hand Japanese companies are in a state of continuous change and improvement. After World War 2, most of the Japanese companies brought new challenges everyday and moulded those challenges into progress. Displaying goals, recognition and suggestions helps to improve communication and boost morale. This is an endless process. If we do not maintain the standards it results in the â€Å"two steps forward and one step backward† effect. Only for this reason maintenance and improvement go collectively by Japanese managers. By improving standardised activities and processes, kaizen aims to eliminate waste. â€Å"People are behind our success. Machines don’t have new ideas, solve problems and grasp opportunities. Only people who are involved and thinking can make a difference. Almost every auto plant in UK and USA has the same machinery but how people are utilized and involver varies widely from one company to another. The work force gives any company its true competitive edge†. (Toyota motors-general manager) Generally Japanese managers have an easier time implementing employee suggestions than managers in the USA. Japanese managers show their willingness to  go along continuous change which contributes to following change. Making the job easier. Making the job more productive. Removing drudgery from the job. Improving product quality. Removing nuisance from the job. Saving time and cost. Making the job safer. Japanese manufacturing techniques: Japanese style of manufacturing has three interlinked parts involved in it. Flexibility Quality Minimum waste In the 1980’s, imported cars accounts for 27% of us sales. Same changes had occurred in other industries in UK and USA also. The manufacturers like motorcycles, camera, television and video equipment have disappeared by the higher quality Japanese products. Poke-a-yolk: It is purely a Japanese term which means mistake or fool proofing. Poke-a-yolk is the basis of zero quality control method used for eliminating and avoiding mistakes. Basically this technique is used in manufacturing units, hospitals, aircraft maintenance and human resources. Lean production: Lean production system is one which produces cars more cheaply with higher quality than its rivals. In 1998, ford and GM took 50% more hours to make a car than Toyota. In 2006, Toyota builds an average car within 29 hours. On the other hand GM workers took 33 hours. It’s a big improvement. Mr Cowger said, 90% of the 178 gm plants almost in 33 countries adopted the lean production system. Toyota implemented the ‘just-in-time’ manufacturing system in which suppliers sends parts daily or many times a day. Toyota develops a new model in 18 months compared to three years it takes GM. This is not Japanese companies vs. American companies; it is smart Japanese companies vs. smart American companies. The key reason why Toyota is over taking GM as the dominant car industry is its production system i.e. lean production system. In Toyota, workers grouped into teams and they are allocated to individual goals to correct mistakes. (s.steve, BBC news) Historical perspective: The origin of benchmarking There is no doubt that the art of benchmarking is originated in Japan. Simply it is defined as loaning of employees to other organisations. Benchmarking means being humble enough to acknowledge that others may be smarter, and being clever enough to learn how to become just as smart – or even smarter. The essence of benchmarking is it enables us to learn our own processes and also from others. USA, UK and other companies are benchmarking Toyota production system (TPS). It is mainly focuses on the implementation of the waste reduction tools. This system is known as ‘the Toyota way’. (Forrest breyfogle, 2008). The reasons for the failure of Japanese firms overseas: Inability to cope with larger overseas responsibilities Difficulties with new environment Personal or emotional problems Lack of technical competence Inability of spouse to adjust Japanese style management is more suitable to blue collar than white collar workers Poor communication Status difference between managers and staff Improper presentation of objectives No promotion for non-Japanese Local managers not involved in key decisions Toyota acts on overwork culture: Japanese corporate culture has been criticised in UK for being workaholic. Previously it allowed workers to work two hours overtime a month for voluntary activities such as ‘qc’, stands for quality circles. This decision came into action after a court order at the death of a 30 year old Toyota worker collapsed at the plant and died due to overwork. Public criticism has been growing on overworking culture. Toyota is best known for using ideas of employees to improve production methods and minimize costs. (BBC news, 2008) Psychological safety: Psychological safety was the root cause for the failure of Toyota concept in other countries. It is especially crucial where knowledge constantly changes, workers need to be collaborating and workers make decisions without intervention of the management. (p.gupta, 2008). Hofstede’s research: Hofstede’s framework is widely used by researchers and practitioners in the field of intercultural management. According to hofstede the differences in responses could be examined by four main factors. Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism Masculinity Power distance: Power distance relates to the extent to which societies discriminates the different levels of employees in any organization i.e. how unequally the employees are treated in any company. It is the relation between blue collar and white collar workers. It should be less in order to achieve any success. In high power distance countries superiors seen to be more powerful than heir subordinates. Countries with low power distance favour a more democratic style of management. Uncertainty avoidance: It refers to the degree to which they try to avoid uncertain situations by discouraging the risk taking activities. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance will adopt flexible structures and encourage more diverse views. (Chris. B, Paul. S guy. V, 2007) Individualism: Individualism means the extent to which individuals try to merge into groups. In the usa we can find more individualism. It is to gain self-respect and personal achievement. In the contrast, collectivistic society’s people are integrated into strong groups. Masculinity: It measures the extent to which male values are dominated such as assertiveness, acquisition of money and goods and not caring for others. References: Toyota works on over work culture, Thursday, 22 may 2008 http://search.bbc.co.uk/search?site=News+-+Businessq=toyota%20culture%20in%20uktab=allscope=all Misumi, J. (1984).’Decision making in Japanese groups and organisations’, in international year-book of organisational democracy. Volume. 2, Chichester: Wiley. Forest breyfogle,dec 10th 2008. http://www.smartersolutions.com/blog/forrestbreyfogle/?p=551 Monir h. tayeb 2005. International human resource management, a multinational company perspective Gupta,p.’general motors and Toyota cultural differences’.

The Benefits Of Gasification Technology Over Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay

Both gasification and incineration are capable of change overing hydrocarbon-based risky stuffs to simple, nonhazardous by-products ( Beginning: U.S. Department of Energy March 30, 2000 ) , but gasification can be seen to be more good for many grounds. The procedure as a whole uses less O than conventional incineration significance that fewer air emanations may be produced incorporating possible pollutants. It besides means less C dioxide is produced potentially intending less impact on planetary clime alteration from waste incineration. Any C dioxide produced during gasification is present at higher force per unit areas than in watercourses produced in conventional incineration, doing it easier to capture and take before release into the ambiance. ( Source NETL – National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy Website ) . Gasification is a procedure in which stuffs are exposed to some O, but non plenty to let burning to happen. The ensuing gas mixture of C monoxide, H and methane ( with smaller measures of C dioxide and N ) is called syngas and is itself a fuel. It has a calorific value so can be used as a fuel to bring forth electricity or steam or as a basic chemical feedstock in the petrochemical and refinement industries. The calorific value of the syngas will depend on the composing of the input waste waste to the gasifier. Harmonizing to research undertaken by Euromia for the Greater London Authority, syngas possibly used to bring forth energy more expeditiously than incineration utilizing gas engines or even fuel cells, whereas conventional incineration can merely bring forth energy less expeditiously via steam turbines ( Eunomia Research and Consulting 2008 ) . Gasification is besides shown to be more cost effectual than conventional incineration and potentially better at raising gross. The syngas can be converted into many valuable merchandises, runing from bring forthing energy in the signifier of electricity to harvest home of chemicals such as sulfur. ( U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) . Hydrogen can besides be harvested and used in other applications. Hence the syngas is used for many applications whereas the treated gas from conventional incinerators goes straight back out into the environment. Besides, the energy produced may be eligible for more Reclamations Obligations Certificates ( ROC ‘s ) than conventional incineration therefore once more increasing the possible income. ( Source – Ilex Energy Consulting. September 2005 ) . Another benefit of syngas production is that concluding emanations of pollutants such as Sulphur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides, and other particulates are greatly reduced as compared to conve ntional incineration systems. Due to the high sum of O used in the conventional incineration procedure any sulfur or nitorogen compunds in the waste are converted to Sulphur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides which so have to be treated seperately. In contrast in the low O environment of gasification these are non so readily formed and where they are the modern gasification systems are designed to retrieve 95-99 % of them and in the instance of sulfur this forms a high-putiry sulfur by-porduct. ( Source U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) Another benefit of gasification is the existent works itself. They are modular and hence made up of little units which can be added to or taken away from. This proves an advantage as waste watercourses can change for illustration, if there is a alteration in policy and recycling additions. Therefore they are more flexible and can run at a smaller graduated table so conventional incinerators. They are besides non so reliant on a big provender of waste merchandises to go on working like the conventional incinerators. They are besides faster to construct than conventional incinerators and hence are faster to utilize. Hence, in drumhead, gasification is more cost effectual, cleaner and more efficient than conventional incineration and more utile in that it produces many byproducts that can be used in down watercourse production.The factors impacting the pick of bag filters or ESP in waste incinerators.There are many factors act uponing the pick of bag filters or electrostatic precipitators in incinerators. Below are six of these factors. Factor one: The type of waste being incinerated Different provender stocks for the incinerator will bring forth different air watercourses and dust or ash merchandises. This is of import as for illustration the combustibleness of some all right stuffs produced regulations out the usage of electrostatic precipitators. Bag filters are really efficient at roll uping all right particulates but non so good at big particulates. ( Source I Fanthom, C. Cottingham ) Most common ESP filtration is best used for gaining control of light atmospheric dust. Unless a ego cleaning electrostatic precipitator is used, beginning gaining control or direct ducting from a heavy dust bring forthing incineration will rapidly make full up the aggregation plates. Heavy dust aggregation requires storage for a big volume of dust. The surface country of bag filters is much greater than surface country of electrostatic aggregation home bases and work better for dust gaining control of heavy dust bring forthing incineration than ESP would. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dustcollectorexperts.com/electrostatic/ ) If the dust is hygroscopic ( i.e. a stuff which attracts wet from the ambiance. If non protected from contact with the ambiance ( by being stored under vacuity or under a dry gas ) some hygroscopic stuffs will finally pull so much H2O that they will organize solutions ) and these can blind bag filters doing them ineffective. Factor two: Features of the airstream The features of the airstream can hold important impacts on the aggregator system. For illustration cotton cloth bag filters can non be used where air temperatures exceed 82 grades centigrade. Besides condensation of steam or H2O vapors can blind bags doing them uneffective. Assorted chemicals created in the airstream can respond with the H2O in the airstream and signifier caustic liquids such as sulfuric acid which can eat any metal in the bag i.e. if it is rearward jet bag filter with a metal coop. ESP ‘s can defy caustic stuff doing aggregation possible. The individual most of import factor act uponing the Elecrostatic precipitator is the electric resistance of the gas being caught. Fabric filters take dust from a gas watercourse by go throughing gas through a cloth and go forthing dust on the surface of the cloth. It is hence non sensitive to dust electric resistance. A fabric filter can work on emanation degrees of 10-20 mg/NM3 whereas an ESP needs to be sized to suit demands. Factor three – Cost With most designs of ESP ‘s they have to close the line down in order to keep them which incurs a cost. With most bag filters they can be changed online, non incurring a cost of closing down. The power ingestion utilizing a bag filter is higher than utilizing an ESP, evidently incurring more costs for more power. Bag filters need to be changed more often than an Electrostatic Precipitator. Typically bags need altering every 4 old ages. An ESP needs a full service every 20-30 old ages. The ESP ‘s are more expensive to put in than the bag filters Dust tonss may be needed to be reduced before the Electrostatic Precipitation procedure ( precleaner may be needed ) hence adding to the cost. Factor Five – Conformity with Environmental ordinances and jurisprudence. In 1990 the Environmental protection Act ( EPA ) introduced Integrated Pollution Control ( IPC ) necessitating higher control of emanations in most industries. More late the waste Incineration Directive was introduced and has imposed important alterations on any procedure combustion waste stuffs. For illustration the entire emanation value for Cd is 0.05 mg/Nm3. ( Source – The Waste Incineration Directive 2000 ) . Hence the type of intervention demands to be chosen in order to fulfill these ordinances. It will besides depend how near the waste incinerator is to edifices and the type of edifice i.e. is it near a residential country. Hence more ordinances need to be considered sing public wellness. Factor Six- Space How much infinite is at that place for the installings. ESP ‘s are larger than bag filters and therefore take up more infinite.Methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate.There are assorted methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate -biological, biodegredation utilizing anaerobiotic and aerophilic procedures and chemical and physical methods. Plants can be used to handle leachate utilizing at that place natural up return procedures. One such intervention that has been investigated is utilizing vertiver grass ( N. Roongtanakiat, T.Nirunrach, S.Chanyotha, D. Hengchaovanich. 168-175. 2003 ) . The vertiver grass took up more heavy metals as the strength of the leachate increased and the heavy metals were equally distributed in the shoot and the root. The consequences of the field test at the landfill site besides indicated that vertiver could be used in rehabilitating landfills and nearby countries. The vertiver workss were shown to decease after 80-85 yearss if 100 % leachate was used so they could non e straight used on immature landfills, but could be used on immature landfills if limited leachate were used. The shoot of the works should be harvested sporadically in order to take the heavy metals from the contaminated dirt and to excite new growing for more consumption. Artificial wetlands utilizing aquatic plants can be used as they grow in anerobic environments and can digest heavy metal concentrations. ( Source M. Pawlouskia, L. Pawlouskia, page 205 ) In one survey they were combined with combined with aerophilic interventions have besides been studied as a remotion method for heavy metals in leachate. The survey was undertaken at Alback landfill site in Sweden In 2003. ( Source – Persson, K. M. , Van Praahg, M and Olsberg.G, E. ( 2007 ) Their leachate intervention system consists foremost of an aeration measure, followed by several wetlands with different deepnesss and flora, intermediate commixture and aeration in a ditch, and eventually deposit in a pool. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, nickel, lead and Cr were studied. Lead and Cr could non be detected at all in the leachate after it had been through the intervention system. The entire rates of decrease in the whole wetland system for Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were on mean â€⠀œ 83 % 74 % and 68 % severally. Nickel passed unchanged through the wetlands. The lone job with this intervention is that the remotion rates of the heavy metals is limited due to some metals looking as composites which are difficult to entree and take in this system. The phytoremediation of leachate is cost effectual and in many instances native workss can be used. ( Source A Chehregan, B Malayen 1560 – 8530,2007 ) Aerobic intervention of the leachate has been shown to be another effectual method that can be used. An illustration of this is an probe whereby leachate is recirculated through the waste mass and air is injected into the waste mass. It was found that the remotion efficiency for Magnesium, Iron, Lead and Zinc was 93 % , 90 % , 43 % and 76 % severally. ( Source – M.Sartaj, M. Ahmardifar, A.Karmi Jastini 107-116 2010 ) Bacterial systems are besides used. Bacterial floc on the on the leachate surviving in an aerated system with O degrees maintained above 5mg/l. The heavy metals are taken in by the bacteriums and incorporated into their cell biomass. ( Source – Arden Quarry Landfill Website ) Chemical intervention is besides used – Three armored combat vehicles are used in which pH is adjusted, metal precipate atoms coagulate and are flocculated and foods are added to promote microbic growing The usage of ferric and ferrous oxides as coagulates separate and clot the heavy metals leting remotion. The usage of oxidizers such as H peroxide or K permanganate react with the heavy metals and pull them out of the leachate leting remotion. Simple pH accommodation of the leachate causes the heavy metals to precipitate from the leachate and therefore be removed. ( Source – United States Environmental Protection Agency 1995 ) Other methods include revolving biological contractors, drip filters, aerated lagunas, up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactors, surface assimilation, deposit, floatation, rearward osmosis and air denudation.Techniques for the separation of plastic types originating from municipal wastesThe recycling of plastics is a major option to landfill and incineration. For the mechanical or chemical recycling methods used some signifier of segregation demands to be undertaken foremost. Plastics come in 7 major signifiers each separaletly classified by their rosin indentification codification by the Society of Plastics industry in 1968. The codification is shown on each fictile merchandise by a trigon of trailing pointers environing a figure for illustration: Pet Polyethylene phenolphthalein – Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready repast trays. ( Source www.wasteonline.org ) The first and most basic, but of import, point of separation can is done by the consumer of the plastics either as a homeowner utilizing a recycling system designed y the local council or as a company segretagating the waste for recycling. They use the codifications on the plastics. These are so taken away, reduced in size and farther segregated by a assortment of techniques. Fictile separation techniques are based on the differences in the physical belongingss or surface features of the plastic. Manual separation of plastics is still used chiefly for big points on a conveyer. This is non a peculiarly specific technique as operator mistake can happen often ( Source R. Pascoe pp 7 2000. ) Manual screening on the footing of coloring material is besides used. Density separation is a common method for the separation of plastics. All the different types of plastics have different densenesss. Separations are by and large of the sink/float types utilizing an aqueous medium of known denseness. By careful alteration of medium denseness utilizing salt solutions or all right atom suspensions it is possible to divide plastics provided they have a sensible denseness difference ( & A ; gt ; 100 kg m-3 ) ( Source – R. Pascoe, pp15 200 ) Another method utilizing denseness is the usage of gravitative centrifuges. These work utilizing the atoms of the plastics. These are fed in to a seperation liquid. Those atoms with a denseness lower than the liquid float and are removed m=by paddles. Atoms that are denser than the liquid sink and are removde from the underside. Hign separation efficiency can be hard due to the hydrophobic nature of plastics which can intend air bubbles attah to the surface doing the plastics to drift. Plastic segregation by de nseness can be accelarated by centrifugtion ( Source – J. Aguado. Pp 23.1999 ) Besides utilizing a liquid medium, differences in solubility have been investigated for the separation of plastics. A combination of dissolvers and dissolution/precipitation stairss allows the different types of plastics to be isolated. ( Source – J. Aguado. Pp 25.1999 ) A vry new separation technique has been investigated for assorted plastics using selective wetting features. The surface of specific plastics can be selectively changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by utilizing a wetting agent. Then, when little air bubbles are introduced into a separation cell, they adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic plastics and drift them to the H2O surface.. Plastics with the same denseness can be separated by this procedure. The fictile centrifuge can be used for many intents: for dividing plastics from mixtures, riddance of foreign affair such as paper, fibres, aluminum foil, Cu wire french friess, sand, and glass from plastics ; elucidation of waste H2O incorporating all right rosin pulverization ; etc. ( Source K.Saitoh, I. Naguna, S.Izuni. 1976 ) One of the most common methods of fictile segregation is the usage of Near Infrared ( NIR ) Spectroscopy. The reflected radiation from the energy givwn to the plastic is measured in a infrared sensor and the ensuing spectrum is assigend to a specific polymer by comparasion with a spectra library. Different polymers can so be readily identified. It has a really speedy response clip and hence is really efficient. Contaiminations from the waste watercourse such as labels do non adversley impact this type of separation. Another separation technique utilizing visible radiation is the usage of optical maser spectral analysis. The optical maser penetrates the surface and steps emission spetra of the plastics. Different plastics step otherwise on the graduated table. Polarised visible radiation is besides used and this checks the differences of crystallinity. This method chiefly applies to the segregation of Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) from Polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) bottles. UV visib le radiation is besides used. his is used to divide polymers that exhibit different UV induced fluorescence. To human eyes, PET will remain clear while PVC turns black therefore this is a really common manner to manually screen bottles. X-ray techonology can be used on both automated and manual lines and is used to segregate plastics by coloring material and rosin. Many other methods exist for the segregation of plastics including dry methods such as air classifiers, electrostatic separation, and chemical speparation.

HR PRACTICE ON GRAMEEN BANK Essay

In any comprehensive work, like this, credit must go to the multitude of people. I am still students and just novice. Hence, I have taken help from different people for preparing my report. Now here is a petite effort to show my deep graduate to those helpful people. First, I commit my selves grateful to Allah for his unlimited kindness and maximum helpful hand in continuing my report preparation. I express my sincere gratitude to honorable supervisor, Ms. Monsura Zaman, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Faculty of Business Administration, ASA University Bangladesh, for their guidance and valuable remark about the convention of the report. I have come to believe, deeply and firmly, that we can create a poverty free world if we want to. I came to this conclusion not as a product of a pious dream, but as a concrete result  of experience gained in the work of the Grameen Bank. It is not micro credit alone which will end poverty. Credit is one door through which people can escape from poverty. Many more doors and windows can be created to facilitate an easy exit. It involves conceptualizing about people differently; it involves designing a new institutional frame work consistent with this new conceptualization. Grameen bank has taught me two things first our knowledge base about people and their interactions is still very inadequate: second each individual person is very important. Each person has tremendous potential. She or he alone can influence the lives of others within the communities, nations, within and beyond her or his own time. Background of the Study Successful human resource management makes it possible for the organization to acquire the number and types of people necessary to ensure the continued operation of the organization by the†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. So it acts an important role in HR department. As a part of BBA program, my honorable supervisor, Ms. Monsura Zaman, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., assigned me to prepare a report on related topic on Human Resource Management course. I have selected our report topic as â€Å"HRM practice in microcredit Sector of Bangladesh (Grameen Bank).†. Executive Summary The importance of human resources management (HRM) practices to the success or failure of organizational development system performance has, until recently, been generally overlooked. In recent years it has been increasingly recognized that getting HR policy and management. In this paper, I take my theoretical point of departure in recent work in organizational economics on systems of human resource management (HRM) practices. Though this program good balance between theory and practice is gained. Furthermore this is Thesis assignment is a vital requirement for obtaining Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program. I worked Grameen Bank’, how they practice HRM on their microcredit sector. Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who  typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history. It is designed not only to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, but also in many cases to empower women and uplift entire communities by extension. In many communities, women lack the highly stable employment histories that traditional lenders tend to require. Many are illiterate, and therefore unable to complete paperwork required to get conventional loans. As of 2009 an estimated 74 million men and women held microloans that totaled US$38 billion. Grameen Bank reports that repayment success rates are between 95 and 98 per cent. Report Overview Introduction Background of HRM: Human Resource Management is defined as the people who staff and manage organization. It comprises of the functions and principles that are applied to retaining, training, developing, and compensating the employees in organization. It is also applicable to business organizations, such as acting, news presenters and Models etc. Human Resource Management is defined as the set of activities, programs, and functions that are designed to maximize both organizational as well as employee effectiveness. Scope of HRM without a doubt is vast. All the activities of employee, from the time of his entry into an organization until he leaves, come under the horizon of HRM. The divisions included in HRM are Recruitment, Payroll, Performance Management, Training and Development, Retention, Employee Relation, etc. A human resources management (HRM) professional is responsible for successfully acquiring, developing, motivating, and retaining employees. That is, they are on the â€Å"people† side of business operations, and because people do the work of organizations, a company’s success rests heavily on the quality of its HRM. An HRM professional is a full business partner who adds value to business decisions and aligns HR practices with those decisions. The work calls on you to know about compensation and benefits, labor relations laws, how to forecast working needs, organizational learning, and organizational change. Students’ specialty courses include â€Å"Competitive HRM Practices,† â€Å"Negotiations,† and â€Å"Cultural Aspects of  International Business.† They also select an honors seminar in â€Å"Management of Innovation.† In the classroom and on co-op, students gain the acting base of knowledge and the business expertise that’ s needed as an HRM professional. Human resource management is an effective tool for students interested in helping businesses succeed in a changeable personnel environment. This guide is based on Human Resource Management in a Business Context, and includes links to extra articles, notes, tips and exercises. It introduces you to the essential elements of HRM, its origins and applications. HRM is viewed as an all-embracing term describing a number of distinctive approaches to people management. They help you to understand and evaluate the different and sometimes ambiguous views of human resource management by investigating its origins, explanatory models, technology and practice. Human resource (or personnel) management has in the sense of getting things through people. It’s an essential part of every manager’s responsibilities, but many organizations find it advantageous to establish a specialist division to provide an expert service dedicated to ensuring that the huma n resource function is performed efficiently. â€Å"People are our most valuable asset† is a clichà © which no member of any senior management team would disagree with. Yet, the reality for many organizations is that their people remain under valued under trained under utilized poorly motivated, and consequently perform well below their true capability The rate of change facing organizations has never been greater and organizations must absorb and manage change at a much faster rate than in the past. In order to implement a successful business strategy to face this challenge, organizations, large or small, must ensure that they have the right people capable of delivering the strategy. The market place for talented, skilled people is competitive and expensive. Taking on new staff can be disruptive to existing employees. Also, it takes time to develop ‘cultural awareness’, product/ process/ organization knowledge and experience for new staff members. As organizations vary in size, aims, functions, complexity, construction, the physical nature of their product,  and appeal as employers, so do the contributions of human resource management. But, in most the ultimate aim of the function is to: â€Å"ensure that at all times the business is correctly staffed by the right number of people with the skills relevant to the bu siness needs†, that is, neither overstaffed nor understaffed in total or in respect of any one discipline or work grade. These issues motivate a well thought out human resource management strategy, with the precision and detail of say a marketing strategy. Failure in not having a carefully crafted human resources management strategy, can and probably will lead to failures in the business process itself. Origin of the Report: This report has been prepared as a requirement of the Thesis program based upon the Grameen Bank where my organization supervisor is Golam Morshed Mohammed (Senior Principal Officer, International Program Dept.), and my institution supervisor is Golam Mahbubul Alam,( Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Stamford University). My institute supervisor duly approved the topic decided for doing the report. Since the MBA program is an integrated, practical and theoretical method of learning, the students of this program are required to have practical exposure in any kind of business organization in last term of this course. Scope and Objectives of the Study A clear objective helps in preparation of well decorated report in which other take the right type of decision. So I identify objective are very much important. Our purpose of preparing the report is: To know the human resource management (HRM) practice of Grameen Bank. To identify the various avenues for improving the HRM policies of Grameen Bank To know about the management ability of Grameen Bank. Suggesting strategies to improve the HRM policies of Grameen Bank. This study covers the HRM policies of Grameen Bank along with some recommendations to improve the HRM policies of Grameen Bank. Methodology A sample survey was conducted to collect primary data using two pre-designed survey instruments from concerned groups following an appropriate sample  design. In view of the complexities involved in generating quantitative data for assessing the real impact, qualitative data were also collected. In the context of the unique features of the area an attempt was made to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the private HRM sector. Data Collection: This study is mainly based on secondary data available from the various divisions and departments of Grameen Bank, in addition to these other necessary information have been collected from the relevant journals, annual reports of the Grameen bank, website and publications of other relevant institutions have also been taken into consideration. Primary sources of data: Face to face conversation with the Grameen Bank administrative dept. and International depts. Officers & staffs. Conversation with the clients. Different’ manuals of Grameen Bank. Secondary sources of data: Procedure manual published by the Grameen Bank. Files and documents of the branch. Annual report of Grameen Bank. Unpublished data. Different text books. Web sites. Unstructured data: This data was compiled using information from Grameen Bank branch and centre visits, informal discussions with branch managers, field staff and various management level officers conducted during field and head office visits. Limitations of the Study As a student of faculty of Business Administration, this is my first initiative for making a report on â€Å"HRM Practice in Microcredit sector of Bangladesh: A case study on Grameen Bank†. By meeting with officers, I was really unable to collect enough information from due to their official restrictions. While carry out the study I had to face a few limitations, which are mentioned below: The main constraint of the study is inadequate access to information. The employees did not disclose much information for the sake of the confidentiality of the organization. Since the bank and other companies personal were very busy, they could provide me very little time. The clients were too busy to provide me much time for interview. The time frame fixed to prepare the study report was hard to be met. As a result, sufficient concentration could be given on it, which was needed for a much better study. Chapter 2 An Overview on Microcredit in Bangladesh What is Microcredit? Much of the current interest in microcredit stems from the Microcredit Summit (2-4 February 1997), and the activities that went into organizing the event. The definition of microcredit that was adopted there was: Microcredit: programmers extend small loans to very poor people for self-employment projects that generate income, allowing them to care for themselves and their families. Definitions defer, of course, from country to country. Some of the defining criteria used include- size – loans are micro, or very small in size target users – microenterpreneurs and low-income households utilization – the use of funds – for income generation, and enterprise development, but also for community use (health/education) etc. terms and conditions – most terms and conditions for microcredit loans are flexible and easy to understand, and suited to the local conditions of the community. Three C’s of Credit Character: means how a person has handled past debt obligations: Form credit history and personal background, honesty and reliability of the borrower to pay credit debts are determined. Capacity: means how much debt a borrower can comfortably handle. Income streams are analyzed and any legal obligations looked into, which could interfere in repayment. Capital: means current available assets of the borrower, such as real estate, savings or investment that could be used to repay debt if income should be unavailable. Microcredit in Bangladesh Microcredit programs in Bangladesh is implemented by NGOs, Grameen Bank, state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, and specialized programs of some ministries of Bangladesh government. In the microfinance sector total loan outstanding is around TK 248 billion (including Grameen Bank TK 72 billion) and savings TK168 billion. The total clients of this sector is 35 million (including 8.4 million clients from Grameen Bank) that accelerates overall economic development process of the country. Credit services of this sector can be categorized into six broad groups: i) general microcredit for small-scale self employment based activities, ii) microenterprise loans, iii) loans for ultra poor, iv) agricultural loans, v) seasonal loans, and vi) loans for disaster management. Loan amounts up to BDT 50,000 are generally considered as microcredit; loans above this amount are considered as microenterprise loans. LICENSING STATUS OF THE NGO-MFIS IN BANGLADESH The Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA), established by the government in August 2006, received applications from 4241 private institutions (NGO-MFIs). But, around 1000 applications of them were found to be very small organizations that had fewer than 1000 borrowers or less than the USD 58,000 in outstanding loans that is generally considered as the minimum initial operating portfolio of a single branched MFI to be sustainable. However, till August 2012 the MRA had approved licenses in favor of 651 NGOs. There are another 210 applications are under process for a final decision although they are mostly small organizations but with some potentiality to become viable in course of time. As of August 2012, 3380 applications have been rejected. Recently MRA has invited new applications for obtaining license to conduct microcredit activities. STATE OF MICROCREDIT IN BANGLADESH In the backdrop of global ‘double-dip’ recession and over-indebtedness crisis in microcredit sector in several countries, Bangladesh’s microfinance sector shows strong resilience and continues to contribute towards enhancement of macroeconomic growth. Bangladesh microfinance sector is mature now and its assets constitute around 3 percent of GDP in 2011. Total outstanding loan of  this sector (only licensed MFIs) has increased by 20.0 percent from BDT 145.0 billion in June 2010 to BDT 173.8 billion in June, 2011 disbursed among 20.7 million poor people, helping them to be self-employed and accelerating overall economic development process of the country. The total savings has also increased by 23.25 percent to BDT 63.3 billion in June 2011 compared to previous year from 26.1 million clients, over 93 percent of them are women. Table 2 shows the market scenario of NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh. The top three MFIs contribute 54 percent of total loan outstanding as well as savings of the microfinance sector in Bangladesh. Two of the largest MFIs, viz., BRAC & ASA, are each serving over five million borrowers. There are a few more developing fast. On the other hand the smallest 428 NGO-MFIs have contributed only 4 percent of total loan outstanding and 5 percent of total savings. Institutional concentration ratio is highly skewed in favor of large MFIs: just 22 institutions are in control of 76 percent of the market share while three largest organizations have control of over 50 percent in terms of both clients and total financial portfolios. Table 3 depicts the scenario of micro enterprise loan, i.e., loans above BDT 50,000, of different NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh. It is observed that micro enterprise loan outstanding is BDT 40 billion which is around 24 percent of total loan outstanding in which the top ten NGO-MFIs contributed around 19 percent. It also shows that BDT 40 billion is disbursed to around 6 lakh borrowers which are only 3 percent of total borrowers. The table expresses that only the top NGO-MFIs are capable to run micro enterprise loan. Selected Indicators of NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh It is observed from table 4 that savings per member has been increasing over the years. In 2006 savings per member was Tk. 1,207 which stands at Tk.2495 in 2011 – an increase to more than double within the last five years. The loan outstanding per borrower also increased over the years and average growth rate of loan outstanding per borrower is around 17 percent in 2011 compared to the previous year. The loan outstanding per borrower has increased by more than 100 percent within the last five years. These two indicators, savings per member (average saving size) and outstanding loan per borrower (average loan size) increased over time perhaps due to the increase in the income level of the poor resulting in an increase in their need for higher amount of loans from the MFIs. The ratio between borrowers to clients (members) remained steady for the last few years, which is within 70 to 80 percent and the savings to outstanding loan ratio has also been stable from 2006 to 2011. Since the total number of branches of MFIs has increased at a much higher rate in 2011 compared to the previous year, the number of members and borrowers per branch has decreased. Substantial rate of increase in the sizes of loans per borrower and savings per member has resulted in a rise in the total loan outstanding and savings in the sector. Consequently outstanding loan and saving per branch has also increased. The loan outstanding amount per branch which was TK 8.42 million in 2010 has increased by 14.4 percent in 2011.