International Social Work Lecture and Curriculum Proposal

Question: (1) Based on Ife's paper (2007), what distinguishes (international) social work from other approaches of (international) community development and (international) humanitarian aid? (2) Based on the knowledge you have acquired during your BHCS studies and with regards to Ife's "curriculum proposal" at University level (Ife 2007: p. 17-24), how does it help you with your cross-cultural communication and cross-cultural integration when working in the field? Answer: (1)According to Ife, the major differentiating factors (international) social work between (international) community development as well as (international) humanitarian aid are core values, objectives, goals and approach (Ife, 2007). Humanitarian aid significantly emphasizes on the providing relief to the human suffering through satisfying the basic needs of mankind. Community development focuses on undertaking the long term development activities and it has some specific goals for empowerment for the communities (Anckermann et al., 2005). If the point of view of Ife is considered, it will be found that the social workers need to attain an international level so that they can raise their voice for the deprived and vulnerable people belonging to the international community. According to Ife, social work is proceeding for embracing internationalism. Additionally, he suggested that the potential, skills and values of the social worker are very important for assessing as well as addressi ng issues which are not associated with the cultural or any other western influences. It is essential for the social workers to possess these skills as it will enable them to respond to various situations which occur at international level. Additionally, the social workers must focus on adoption of the basic values in order to fight for the human right and the issues of social justice in order to help the deprived populace across the globe (Ife, 2007). Ife has argued that the social workers have to play a greater activist role. They need to concentrate on the advocacy against the social injustices and violation of human rights in global contexts such as terrorism and climate change (Ife, 2007). (2) The curriculum proposal of Ife and the knowledge I have gained during the course have significantly helped me to enhance my knowledge and understanding regarding cross-cultural communication as well as integration. The proposal of Ife regarding the change in curriculum has provided lucid idea about how the work of different field needs to address the cross cultural integration at an international level (Ife, 2007). Ife had suggested that clear understanding and knowledge of cultural and historical context of our own as well as the nation of the people we were working with (Giddens and Birdsall, 2001). He had suggested that in order to establish effective communication between both the parties it is important to have flexibility to share ideologies of different nations and cultures (Macionis, 2003). The open communication between people significantly helps in acknowledging the history and culture of each other and it has been found to be a great way for developing trust as well as good rapport with the clients, partners, and colleagues in a workplace where cultural diversity is observed. In practical life, I have found this approach very useful and effective for communicating with people belonging to different cultures. Active listening is an important aspect for dealing with them in a non-judgmental way and establishing open communication channel (Giddens and Birdsall, 2001). Ife has rightly indentified the profound importance of understanding as well as acknowledging the culture and history of other nation (Ife, 2007). References Anckermann, S., Dominguez, M., Soto, N., Kjaerulf, F., Berliner, P. and Naima Mikkelsen, E. (2005). Psycho-social support to large numbers of traumatized people in post-conflict societies: an approach to community development in Guatemala.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology, 15(2), pp.136-152. Giddens, A. and Birdsall, K. (2001).Sociology. Cambridge [England]: Polity Press. Ife, J. (2007). The new international agendas: what role for social work, Modified version of the Inaugural Hokenstad International Social Work Lecture: San Francisco: Council for Social Work Education. Macionis, J. (2003).Sociology. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Utility Theory Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Explain the behaviour of consumer from the point of position of Utility Theory. As consumers. we are invariably forced into doing picks. They face a assortment of goods and services which can be purchased. but frequently are limited by the sum of money with which those purchases can be made. The public-service corporation theory. besides sometimes referred to as the consumer behaviour theory. is frequently used to explicate the behaviour of single consumers and the sum of satisfaction a consumer derives from the ingestion of goods and services. The theory of consumer behaviour explains how people can outdo use their resources to accomplish the highest degree of satisfaction possible. Harmonizing to Mr. Hirschey. the public-service corporation theory flexible joints on three basic premises: First. more is better. is described as consumers preferring more of a peculiar good or service. The 2nd is that consumer penchants are complete. which allows the consumer to prioritise the false benefits of ingestion. We will write a custom essay sample on Utility Theory Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally. penchants are transitive. which enables the consumer to do a determination based on the desirableness of ingestion of a peculiar good or service. All of these premises help concerns derive a better apprehension of the consumer they wish to pull. while supplying economic experts and those that study consumers a better apprehension of the wonts of consumers. There are a several other constructs of importance that are observed ; the first attack is the fringy public-service corporation. Harmonizing to the fringy public-service corporation theory. consumers should profit from ingestion of an excess unit of goods or services. For illustration. let’s expression at the ingestion of a confect saloon. Let’s say a consumer purchases a confect saloon every Friday for a month. If you were to study this single every hebdomad we would anticipate to see an addition in satisfaction each hebdomad. The 2nd point is the jurisprudence of decreasing fringy public-service corporation. The jurisprudence of decreasing fringy public-service corporation provinces that. as a consumer consumes more of a specific merchandise or service. the satisfaction from the each consecutive unit should take to a lesser satisfaction in the merchandise. Let’s expression at our confect saloon illustration once more. alternatively of one time a hebdomad. let’s say the consumer decides to buy a confect saloon everyday for a month. If we were to study him one time a hebdomad. we would anticipate to see that the first hebdomad satisfaction would be high. However as the month progressed. we could anticipate to detect that in the 2nd 3rd. and 4th hebdomads that his satisfaction has dropped off. A batch has been made as to the ground for this lessening. and most economic experts feel that the lessening is due to a alteration in gustatory sensations of the consumer. 2. Explain how consumers achieve the optimum market basket ( note that your reply must include figure/s exemplifying the optimisation procedure ) . The intent of a consumer accomplishing the optimum market basket is it takes into history how the penchants. income and the monetary value of goods influence consumer picks. Many things impact buying wonts. but there are two things that are of import in the determination doing procedure: the monetary value for of the goods or services in inquiry. and the 2nd factor is the income of the consumer. A market basket is a aggregation or package of goods or services available to consumers in the market place. What economic experts are looking at when we study the optimum market basket for a consumer is what goods or services consumers purchase in combination. Consumers frequently choose between different goods. on the footing of the satisfaction each is expected. Consumption of a merchandise is supposed to give the consumer a degree of felicity. but economic experts and concern want to cognize does the felicity addition when they purchase different merchandises together. For illustration. when a consumer purchases liquid dish soap. do they besides purchase soap for the dish washer. The reply to this inquiry is of import to concerns as it allows them to see how consumers purchase their merchandises and what merchandises are being purchased along with it. For a better apprehension of this we should analyze the ingestion of ice pick and coca-cola. These merchandises are pretty typical summer clip nutrient here in the US. and are reasonably low-cost. What we want to look at is does the consumer purchase more ice pick as they consumer more coca-cola. and what the degree of satisfaction associated with each is. For the intent of this illustration we are traveling to presume that two different degrees of satisfaction a 6 and 12. The undermentioned t abular array is the suppose degree of satisfaction of ice pick and coca-cola: Satisfaction 6| Satisfaction 12|Ice Cream| Coca-Cola| Ice Cream| Coca-Cola|1| 6| 1| 12|2| 3| 2| 6|3| 2| 3| 4|4| 1. 5| 4| 3|5| 1. 2| 5| 2. 4|6| 1| 6| 2| What this tabular array shows is that since consumers like both ice pick and coca-cola. the consumer should see an addition in satisfaction from the purchase of ice pick. at the same clip should see a lessening of satisfaction in the purchase of coca-cola. or frailty versa. Harmonizing to Mr. Hirschey. it is difficult to mensurate satisfaction of goods or services as satisfaction is considered intangible and the existent grounds of satisfaction is derived from the buying determinations made. 3. Prospective auto purchasers are sometimes confronted by gross revenues representatives who argue that they can offer a vehicle that is â€Å"just every bit good as a BMW. but at one-half the monetary value. † Use the indifference construct to explicate whether the claims of the gross revenues representative are believable or non. The procedure of purchasing a auto in the US is clip devouring and filled with pushful gross revenues people. with gross revenues pitches built on the construct of ‘my auto is merely every bit good as auto x’ . In this twenty-four hours and age. where consumers have information readily available to them. understanding the gustatory sensations and demands of the consumers is of import for a gross revenues individual. While the gross revenues representative might believe what he is stating is right. harmonizing to the indifference theory. the gross revenues representative is doing a false statement. Harmonizing to Mr. Hirschey. the indif ference curve is a graphical representation of goods or services of which a consumer is apathetic. The indifference curve indicates combinations of two goods which yield equal satisfaction to the consumer. Based on these thoughts we can look at the auto industry as being goods that consumers are apathetic about. and receive the same satisfaction no affair the name. To genuinely understand why the auto gross revenues individual is wrong we must besides understand that all goods and services can be substituted for another merchandise. If a consumer wants to buy a BMW. but lacks the fiscal means to run into their desire for the BMW. they could replace another trade name that is comparable to a BMW. However. what the consumer was looking for with the BMW. in footings of design. and comfort have been sacrificed. and the satisfaction for the auto could be diminished. This is why we have competition in the market topographic point. It allows for the gustatory sensations of each consumer to be met. as gustatory sensations are different from individual to individual. In the auto illustration. if you were to walk into a Honda franchise and the auto gross revenues individual references another tr ade name. a consumer might take the chance to measure the trade name mentioned. and possibly even see buying that trade name.

Free Essays on The Mythological Hero In Tolkiens Lord Of The Rings

The Mythological Hero in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings J.R.R. Tolkien was very fond of mythology, especially Norse and Irish Mythology, and used concepts and conventions of both throughout his works. Throughout mythology there is the ever-reoccurring theme of the epic hero, whose being is ever out of the readers reach. Tolkien represents the epic hero primarily through the Kingly Edain character Aragorn. There is, however, the fairytale myth as well, which features the small hero who is a mere common person placed in extraordinary circumstances. The Fairytale hero is best represented in The Lord of the Rings, by the hobbit Frodo. Tolkien also uses the concept of â€Å"The Hero and His Sword† throughout the story and throughout his other tales of Middle Earth; however, he only uses bits and pieces, while primarily creating his heroes from his own imagination. Aragorn is the last descendent of a long line of kings. He is not immortal or descended from the gods like many heroes of Greek, Roman, and Norse Mythology; however, he does have immortal ancestry, even though it is not immediate. It must however be traced back through many generations. Unlike many of the famous heroes he is not conceived by divine intervention or by supernatural means either. Unlike Arthur or the Irish hero Cuchulainn, who are born by supernatural means, Arthur by Merlin allowing Arthur’s father Uther to seduce Arthur’s mother in the form of her husband who was already dead at the time, and Cuchulainn conceived by a mortal woman and the Irish god Lugh, Aragorn is descended from the union of the immortal elf Idril and the mortal man Tuor (Flieger 43-44.) Aragorn is not easily identified with, having such a high and unheard of heritage. The men of Rohan and Gondor also have trouble believing him, as they are not able to comprehend his story, since they are but common men compared to Aragorn and he is but thing out of their past seemingly long ... Free Essays on The Mythological Hero In Tolkien's Lord Of The Rings Free Essays on The Mythological Hero In Tolkien's Lord Of The Rings The Mythological Hero in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings J.R.R. Tolkien was very fond of mythology, especially Norse and Irish Mythology, and used concepts and conventions of both throughout his works. Throughout mythology there is the ever-reoccurring theme of the epic hero, whose being is ever out of the readers reach. Tolkien represents the epic hero primarily through the Kingly Edain character Aragorn. There is, however, the fairytale myth as well, which features the small hero who is a mere common person placed in extraordinary circumstances. The Fairytale hero is best represented in The Lord of the Rings, by the hobbit Frodo. Tolkien also uses the concept of â€Å"The Hero and His Sword† throughout the story and throughout his other tales of Middle Earth; however, he only uses bits and pieces, while primarily creating his heroes from his own imagination. Aragorn is the last descendent of a long line of kings. He is not immortal or descended from the gods like many heroes of Greek, Roman, and Norse Mythology; however, he does have immortal ancestry, even though it is not immediate. It must however be traced back through many generations. Unlike many of the famous heroes he is not conceived by divine intervention or by supernatural means either. Unlike Arthur or the Irish hero Cuchulainn, who are born by supernatural means, Arthur by Merlin allowing Arthur’s father Uther to seduce Arthur’s mother in the form of her husband who was already dead at the time, and Cuchulainn conceived by a mortal woman and the Irish god Lugh, Aragorn is descended from the union of the immortal elf Idril and the mortal man Tuor (Flieger 43-44.) Aragorn is not easily identified with, having such a high and unheard of heritage. The men of Rohan and Gondor also have trouble believing him, as they are not able to comprehend his story, since they are but common men compared to Aragorn and he is but thing out of their past seemingly long ...

PHP Web Page Redirect Script

PHP Web Page Redirect Script A PHP forwarding script is useful if you want to redirect one page to another so that your visitors can reach a different page than the one they land on. Fortunately, its really easy to forward with PHP. With this method,  you seamlessly transfer visitors from the web page that no longer exists to the new page without requiring them to click a link to continue. How to Redirect With PHP On the page that you want to redirect elsewhere, change the PHP code to read like this:   ?php header( Location: yoursite.com/new_page.html ) ; ? The  header()  function sends a raw HTTP header. It must be called before any output is sent, either by normal HTML tags, by PHP,  or by blank lines. Replace the URL in this sample code  with the URL of the page where you want to redirect visitors. Any page is supported, so you can transfer  visitors to a different webpage on your own site or to a different website entirely. Because this includes the  header()  function, be sure  that you do not have any text sent to the browser before this code, or it will not work. Your safest bet is to remove all the content from the page except for the redirect code. When to Use a PHP Redirect Script If you remove one of your web pages, its a good idea to set up a redirect so that anyone who bookmarked that page is transferred automatically to an active, updated page on your website. Without the PHP forward, visitors would remain on the dead, broken, or inactive page. The benefits of this PHP script are as follows: Users are redirected quickly and seamlessly.When the  Back  button is clicked, visitors  are  taken to the last viewed page, not the redirect page.The redirect works on all web browsers. Tips for Setting up a Redirect Remove  all code but this redirect script.Mention on the new page that users should update their links and bookmarks.Use this code to create a drop-down menu that redirects users.

Socialization Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socialization - Article Example I agree with the statement that though children learn socialisation from many sources, the interaction with peer groups has the most significant influence on the development of social skill in them. The validity of this notion can be evidenced from the article, Socialisation, by Jonathan Blundell, in which the author contends that peer groups including classmates and friends â€Å"exert very strong pressures† on children (8). The article, referring to other evidences, further suggests that young children closely observe their peers and attempt to â€Å"learn† from them â€Å"how they should behave† (8). Since children spend most of the time in their classroom or with their friends, it can be construed that peer group is the most influential factor in determining the socialisation aspect of children. 5. I would first write an introduction, where I would identify the topic and provide a brief definition of the term socialisation, and identify the sources from where children learn social skills. In the body passages I would offer an explication of each how source and illustrate how they impact the socialisation of children. In the last body passage I would identify one among the sources as the most significant and explain why I believe so, with supporting evidence from published literature that are credible. Does environment or nature not play a role in socialisation of children? For example, a child may be interacting with another in a homely environment. But he may not do so in a park or other social gathering. Similarly, nature is also a source from where children learn the skill for socialisation. For example, when the child observes a flock of birds, it makes the child think why they are all going together. The article overlooks this aspect. The article has been written by a single male author and there appears to be no bias on

The Automotive Industry 1945-1960 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Automotive Industry 1945-1960 - Term Paper Example â€Å"After World War II there was a striking expansion of motor vehicle production. During a 35-year period the total world output increased almost 10-fold. Among individual countries the United States was the leading producer until the recession of the early 1980s† (Automotive Industry) Science and Technology developed rapidly during the period of 1945-1960 so that industrial sector, especially the automobile industry got huge benefits. â€Å"The American work force also changed significantly. During the 1950s, the number of workers providing services grew until it equaled and then surpassed the number who produced goods. And by 1956, a majority of U.S. workers held white-collar rather than blue-collar jobs† (The Post War Economy:  1945-1960) â€Å"Gross national product, a measure of all goods and services produced in the United States, jumped from about $200 thousand-million in 1940 to $300 thousand-million in 1950 to more than $500 thousand-million in 1960† (U.S. Department of State). A substantial portion of the GDP growth during this period was contributed by the automotive industry. Even though recent recession caused some problems in American automotive industry, it is still one of the largest employment sectors for Americans. It should be noted that cold war started between America and Soviet Union immediately after the end of WW2. However, United States enjoyed phenomenal economic growth during the cold war period. America cemented its place as world’s wealthiest nation during this period mainly because of the contributions of the automotive industry. This paper analyses the effect of the Cold war on the Auto Industry, both at the business to business level and business to consumer level. Between 1945 and 1960 some 30 million Americans moved to the suburbs, the growth of which was a huge boon to the auto industry. By the early 1950s the auto industry faced a crisis of falling unit demand, as most families now owned a car . At the same time working people’s discretionary spending was rising. Given these factors, the Big Three (GM, Ford and Crysler) moved to increase each car’s size and array of new gadgets, and at the same time increase the frequency of the introduction of new models (Rooke). GM, Ford and Crysler are the three automobile companies which put strong foundations to the growth in American automobile industry. These companies have introduced many new models of vehicles during the period of 1945 -1960. These three companies started to compete each other and the result was the huge growth in American automobile sector. Consumers started to get vehicles with greater fuel economy and better safety measures because of the competition between the three. â€Å"By 1950 the Big Three offered their customers 243 different new car models. With a major body change costing upwards of $200 million, by 1955 the Big Three controlled 94% of the entire US market†(Rooke). It is an accep ted fact or economic principle that when competition increases, consumers will be benefitted since heavy competition forces companies to reduce the prices of their product and services. However, this principle was not true during the period of 1945 -1960, at least in American automobile sector. Even though competition intensified between the big three, instead of a price dip a price hike occurred for different car models in America during this period. This phenomenon was occurred mainly because of the huge economic growth that happened in America after the end of

Native americans Essay Example for Free

Native americans Essay Native Americans are known for many different qualities they had as a part of their lifestyle. Native Americans have been living in the Americas for many years. During their time period, we learned so much from them. Most of the information that was found, was by the movie â€Å"The Last of the Mohicans† and the three origin myths. There are many different Native American tribes that factor out cultural differences, in which usually includes nature, hybridity, and a culture clash. Nature is one of the main aspects that Native Americans show respect to. In the movie â€Å"The Life of the Mohicans† the Mohicans, one of the Native American tribes, show respect to the animal that they killed by giving thank you to him. Sometimes nature can be a bad thing, in which it surrounds the characters and complicates their battles and their chances for survival. In the movie, the Mohicans used nature in order to track their enemies, which in this case the Hurons In the origin myths, nature was what started this world and created mankind. Many Native Americans now in days still show respect for nature. There were many kinds of hybridity shown in the movie. Hybridity is the mixing of separate elements into one whole. Hawkeye is an example of hybridity because white by blood but Indian by habit. In the novel, Cora is a hybrid because her mother was black and her father was white. When nature and culture collide it makes a hybridity, just like what the Mohicans did in the movie. By the end of the nineteenth century, hybridity became very popular by rapid developments in genetic. When the Native Americans lived in the Americas, they were not alone. There was a culture clash between the Native Americans and the Europeans. In the movie, the Hurons and the Europeans did not get along. The Europeans would take by force the Native Americans Most of the Europeans killed the Native Americans for no particular reason. At the end, the ones getting involved in the small battle were the Mohicans and the Hurons. Even though both of the tribes were related, there were some differences that they had. Native Americans were well known for their culture and different lifestyles. The Native Americans had many beliefs of their different gods. The Native Americans had different tribes, but they all show respect to nature, some kind of hybridity, and the culture clash that they were involved in.